Abstract

Isaac Newton (1643–1727) is a polarizing figure in the history of mathematics (and science) because of the inordinate attention given to priority disputes with Hooke and Leibniz in his numerous biographies. Nevertheless Newton’s Opticks endures and is remarkable for its adherence to the axiomatic style of classical Greek texts like the Elements. In this chapter, we examine influences in Newton’s ensuing mathematical practices, and present examples of Newton’s work which illustrate his genius and his place at the helm of the pantheon of natural philosophers. In particular, we examine Newton’s use of arithmetic, his work on color, and his theory of light.