Realism and Idealism, or: Is it Possible to Resolve Philosophical Problems?: Realismus und Idealismus oder: Werden philosophische Probleme entschieden?/Realizam i idealizam, ili: Jesu li filozofski problemi rješivi?

Professional Ethics, a Multidisciplinary Journal 6 (2):203-222 (2007)
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Abstract

As early as Plato’s Sophist we find the claim that there are two basic forms of doing philosophy: realism and idealism. Taking this reaction to the sophist Protagoras as its point of departure, this article aims to trace the crucial and paradigmatic stages in the further development of this problem. Besides Protagoras and Plato this includes above all Schelling and Fichte, both of whom delved profoundly into the relation of realism and idealism. Fichte’s position is distinguished by a particularly high degree of reflection; for him the relation of realism and idealism takes on the function of justifying philosophy in its consummation. The article closes with a summary, not entirely resigned, arguing that the problem is still unsolved and undecided in the present.Bereits in Platons Sophistes findet sich die Feststellung, es gäbe zwei grundsätzliche Formen des Philosophierens: Realismus und Idealismus, eine Reaktion, und zwar auf den Sophisten Protagoras. Ausgehend von dieser Grundlegung des Problems zeichnet der Beitrag exemplarisch wichtige Stufen der Problementwicklung nach. Dazu zählen neben Protagoras und Platon vor allem Schelling und Fichte, die sich beide intensiv mit dem Verhältnis von Realismus und Idealismus auseinandergesetzt haben. Fichtes Position zeichnet sich dabei durch einen besonders hohen Grad an Reflexion aus. Das Verhältnis von Realismus und Idealismus gewinnt für ihn eine die Philosophie als Vollzug begründende Funktion. Am Schluss steht das nicht nur resignative Resümee.Tvrdnja da postoje dvije osnovne forme filozofiranja, realizam i idealizam, predstavlja reakciju – i to na sofista Protagoru – još u Platonovu Sofistu. Polazeći od tog postavljanja problema prilog prikazuje egzemplarno važne stupnjeve njegova razvitka. U z Protagoru i Platona tu spadaju ponajprije Fichte i Schelling, koji su se obojica intenzivno bavili problemom odnosa realizma i idealizma. Fichteova pozicija odlikuje se pritom osobito visokim stupnjem refleksije. Odnos realizma i idealizma postiže kod njega funkciju koja filozofiju zasniva kao izvršenje tog odnosa. Na kraju članka nalazi se zaključak, koji nije samo rezignirajući, da taj problem ni u sadašnjosti nije riješen i odlučen

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Christoph Asmuth
Technische Universität Berlin

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