Abstract

One of the characteristics of symbolic-mystical poems is the use of reversed or paradoxical terms like: debauchery, disobedience, sin, unbelief, Christianity, hypocrisy & dissimulation and their synonyms. These terms are often used in mystical & lyric poems and study of them can help us to comprehend and interpret them from different points of view. These reversed terms symbolize the motion of mankind’s soul, mystical states and loving intoxication Hafez, one of the most remarkable Persian sonnet writers, uses these term very often. He calls himself a debauchee or disobedient because of his disbelief in the faith of exoteric worshippers and of his belief in intoxication and inner motion or soul change. Thus, the poet considers disobedience a heritage of Adam which we should take it willingly. The reversed terms in this group are: a) debauchery, b) disobedience and sin c) act of forbidden d) ill-fame, qalandar, scoundrel, indifferentism e) ogling, revelry, drunkenness f) unbelief, Christianity, idolatry, wearing non-Muslim girdle g) hypocrisy & dissimulation, pollution, Rendi.