Abstract

This dissertation places literature and myth at the suture of two of Simone Weil's most important concepts: decreation and metaxu. Decreation, or the decanting of subjectivity to become one with God, has become a fixture in Weil scholarship. Yet, the link between decreation and metaxu, the bridges that collapse self and other, has yet to be theorized. This study brings metaxu to the forefront of Weil studies to emphasize its role within the domains of community and culture, thereby signalling its unseen potential to harmonize the political and mystical strains of her thought. I counter decreation's salvific consolation with metaxu's radical materialism and its privileging of hybridity, relationality, and metamorphosis. Weil's writing combines a critique of capitalism with a frequent entanglement of Greek and Christian myth. A discussion of metaxu is brought to bear on literary revisions of classical myths from the 1980s and 1990s, an important peak in capitalism's global dominance. I investigate revisions of myths of transcendence, but also transcendence as a key myth challenged by late twentieth-century literature. In Chapter 1, I outline the importance of metaxu to Weil's writings on mysticism and locate its roots in Platonic philosophy, Greek Tragedy, and the myth of Prometheusthe subject of her most important poem. In Chapter 2, I analyze metaxu's relationship to specific iterations of violence and sacrality in Weil's The Iliad: or the poem of Force and Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian, which I interpret as an Americanized retelling of Homer's epic. In Chapter 3, I locate metaxu's connection to art and neoliberal globalism through Salman Rushdie's The Ground Beneath Her Feet. Chapter 4 applies metaxu to issues of metamorphosis and hybridity through Octavia Butler's Dawn. Butler deconstructs notions of mysticism, eroticism, otherness, and species that are to be read against the patriarchal aesthetics of Homer, McCarthy, and Rushdie. By reading these texts together, a subversive and disruptive potential for metaxu will be revealed, one that heralds an important re-reading of Weil's oeuvre, as well as an ability to reshape the intersection of literature, myth, and mysticism.