We present a model of similarity‐based retrieval that attempts to capture three seemingly contradictory psychological phenomena: (a) structural commonalities are weighed more heavily than surface commonalities in similarity judgments for items in working memory; (b) in retrieval, superficial similarity is more important than structural similarity; and yet (c) purely structural (analogical) remindings e sometimes experienced. Our model, MAC/FAC, explains these phenomena in terms of a two‐stage process. The first stage uses a computationally cheap, non‐structural matcher to filter candidate long‐term memory (...) items. It uses content vectors, a redundant encoding of structured representations whose dot product estimates how well the corresponding structural representations will match. The second stage uses SME (structure‐mapping engine) to compute structural matches on the handful of items found by the first stage. We show the utility of the MAC/FAC model through a series of computational experiments: (a) We demonstrate that MAC/FAC can model patterns of access found in psychological data; (b) we argue via sensitivity analyses that these simulation results rely on the theory; and (c) we compare the performance of MAC/FAC with ARCS, an alternate model of similarity‐based retrieval, and demonstrate that MAC/FAC explains the data better than ARCS. Finally, we discuss limitations and possible extensions of the model, relationships with other recent retrieval models, and place MAC/FAC in the context of other recent work on the nature of similarity. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Das Mittelalter Jahrgang: 20 Heft: 2 Seiten: 234-250.

Algunos elementos de la filosofía platónica establecidos en tratados apologéticos de muchos escritores cristianos entre los cuales se encuentra el ateniense Atenágoras y su conocida obra πρεσβεία περὶ χριστιανῶν, cuya versión del helenista y teólogo español Daniel Ruiz será el objeto de estudio en el presente texto, demuestran un especial interés por la exposición de la cosmología. Si bien esta temática hace las veces de un intento por demostrar racionalmente la trascendencia de lo divino y la seguida generación del universo (...) por causa del designio y poder de Dios, no se trata de una exposición meticulosa de las ideas de filósofos que el mismo Atenágoras cita sino más bien de una exégesis cristiana acerca de Platón en la que pareciese que incurrieran tales escritores, al menos por ser este uno de los autores que abogan por la filosofía griega, para realizar una reflexión profunda sobre la fe. (shrink)

El autor sostiene que la importancia de abordar el concepto de paradigma desde la teología surge tanto desde el objetivo cristiano de actuar en la construcción del Reino anunciado por Jesús, como a partir de que “la mayoría de los problemas no pueden resolverse al nivel en que vienen planteados” –axioma del que no se escapa la ciencia teológica. A partir de ello, postula reflexionar sobre los inicios de paradigmas a lo largo de la historia de la teología; por qué (...) los teólogos y el magisterio los han adoptado, y por qué se cambiaron en determinadas épocas. (shrink)

Suma Teológica. Primeira Parte, Questão 15: Sobre as Ideias.

At first, it must be said that the existence of God is the great affirmation presupposed by the Bible. The Bible does not attempt to prove the existence of God, it simply takes this existence as a fact. The great Reformed theologian Louis Berkhof says: "For us the existence of God is the great presupposition of theology." In fact, no theologian could deny the existence of God, as this automatically would cause him to be without profession. But throughout history, philosophers (...) and theologians have debated whether the human mind can be sure of God's existence. Does the existence of God is a matter that must be accepted by faith itself? Or is it possible, from reason and rational arguments to prove the existence of God? (shrink)

The text discusses the theological concept of Christ the Savior, from an argumentative and systematic method. In this perspective, as part of the biblical text in order to clarify the principal said that evidence the saving act of Christ. Later, he develops a theological reading about these sayings, within the Christian theology and exegesis. Proceeds in an exercise to find the rational structure of the arguments discussed in an attempt to bring unity to the arguments and solidification. And he ends (...) with the route of the Church to announce and legitimize their interpretations of the truth of salvation in Christ. In short, this is an exercise in theological reflection that seeks to analyze and discuss the various meanings and understandings about the reality of Christ's saving and, moreover, point to some interpretations about its most fundamental mystery of salvation. (shrink)

Throughout his career Paul Ramsey returned repeatedly to the seminal works of Augustine to clarify both the foundations of Christian moral thought and its application to problems of social ethics. The paper argues that in the course of developing his own thought Ramsey moved from merely using the insights of Augustine to a genuinely Augustinian theological position, balancing the pastoral responsibilities of the theologian to the community with the demand for faithfulness to the integrity of the Christian tradition. In the (...) process Ramsey produces a reading of Augustine both critically compelling in its own right and theologically promising for moral reflection in that tradition. (shrink)

The rediscovery of biblical and Talmudic notion of responsibility is an alternative in the context of theological reflection, in relation the shortcomings ethics of the philosophical project of modernity. In this context, the rescue of the uniqueness of this responsibility reveals a fruitful relationship between Jewish thought and moral theology. This article, in order to demonstrate this fecundity, evidences the force of ethical wisdom of Old Testament, from the perspective of the jewish philosopher Emmanuel Levinas.

Propongo una lectura de un pasaje curioso de Gregorio de Nisa en su tratado Contra los Macedonianos en consonancia con el pensamiento más amplio del autor, para evitar una posible mala interpretación.

A PERSPECTIVA TEOLÓGICA DO ABORTO: ENTREVISTA COM DOM RICARDO HOEPERS.

O artigo aborda teologicamente a problemática “fé-política” em sua unidade estrutural (respectividade constitutiva) e em sua autonomia relativa (especificidade, dinamismo, estrutura). Começa apresentando e confrontando alguns modos possíveis de seu tratamento (modo reducionista, modo dualista e modo estrutural) e assumindo o que nos parece o mais adequado e o mais conseqüente (modo estrutural). Em seguida, enfrenta-se com a problemática fé-política, esboçando, quase que a modo de teses, sua estrutura teológica fundamental: a fé tem uma dimensão política constitutiva sem se identificar (...) com ou se reduzir a ela; a política, em sua relativa autonomia, tem um caráter teologal radical ; tanto a dimensão política da fé quanto o caráter teologal da política carecem de mediações históricas – precisam ser mediatizados historicamente. E esse é, certamente, o aspecto mais complexo e mais polêmico da problemática. Aqui não faremos, senão, indicar algumas questões que nos parecem relevantes e decisivas nesse processo de mediação: objetividade da mediação, especificidade da missão da igreja, sujeitos eclesiais, caráter social da Igreja, o estritamente político da fé e a perspectiva dos pobres e oprimidos. Palavras-chave : Fé; Política; Cristianismo; Teologia Igreja.The present article addresses the theological issue "faith-politics" in its structural unit as well as in its relative autonomy (specificity, dynamics and structure). It begins by presenting and examining three possible ways of approaching the above named “faith-politics” issue, there is to say, reductionist, dual and structural ones. For that purpose, this article takes the last approach, the structural one, as the more consistent of all of them. Faith-politics issue is then dealt by addressing its basic theological structure. In this way, faith has a constitutive political dimension, nor identifying with politics neither being reduced to any politics interpretation. In its relative autonomy, politics then has a radical theological character. This article also emphasizes that political dimension of faith as well as its theological character of policy needs to be historically mediated. And that is certainly the most complex and controversial aspect of faith-politics issue. In other words, this article wishes to indicate some clues that seem to be relevant and decisive in this process of mediation: objectivity of the above-mentioned mediation, specificity of the mission of the church, social character of the Church, political character of faith and the perspective of the poor and oppressed people. Key-words : Faith; Politics; Christianity; Theology; Church. (shrink)

Ao se ocupar da pesquisa acerca da teoria teológica da religião formulada a partir do pensamento do teólogo jesuíta estadunidense David Tracy, o presente texto objetiva recolher impulsos para o estudo teológico da religião. Para tanto, examinam-se as obras _Blessed Rage for Order: the new pluralism in Theology_, _A imaginação analógica: a teologia cristã e a cultura do pluralismo _ e _Plurality and ambiguity_: _hermeneutics, religion, hope_ no que tange à definição de religião. Como resultado das contribuições tracyanas ao estudo (...) teológico da religião destacam-se: 1. Uma abordagem não totalizante da religião; 2. A percepção das pluralidades e ambiguidades que envolvem a investigação da religião e das interpretações da religião; 3. A imaginação analógica entre os estudos da religião e os estudos da arte. 4. A conversação com os clássicos religiosos; 5. Uma dimensão profética das religiões e dos estudos da religião. (shrink)

La narración común sobre la metafísica de Francisco Suárez entre un grupo diverso de pensadores es que el jesuita presenta una ontología «indiferente» que descuida la concepción medieval tradicional de Dios como absolutamente trascendente y única. Aunque las críticas dirigidas contra Suárez son legiones e igualmente diversas como las críticas de las que derivan, tal como yo lo entiendo, hay una convicción común a todas ellas, aunque no expresada, de que el pensamiento del jesuita finalmente resulta en la secularización de (...) la metafísica. Por «secularización» me refiero a que, como se afirma con frecuencia, el análisis de Suárez sobre la naturaleza del ser ocurre por completo sin la necesidad de advertir sobre ningún marco teológico general. En este ensayo, cuestiono ese punto de vista y sostengo que la metafísica de Suárez está completamente determinada por su visión teológica y su proyecto. (shrink)