Because men are overrepresented within positions of power, men are perceived as the default in academia. Androcentric bias emerges whereby research by men and/or dominated by men is perceived as higher quality and gains more attention. We examined if these androcentric biases materialize within fields that study bias. How do individuals in close contact with psychology view psychology research outlets with titles including the words women, gender, sex, or feminism or contain the words men or masculinity versus psychology journals that (...) publish other-specialized research, and do these perceptions differ in the general public? While the men-related journal was less meritorious than its other-specialty journal, evidence emerged supporting androcentric bias such that the men-related journal was more favorable than the other sex/gender-related journals. Further, undergraduate men taking psychology classes rated sex/gender-related versus other-specialty journals as less favorable, were less likely to recommend subscription, and rated the journals as lower quality. Low endorsement of feminist ideology was associated with less support for sex/gender-related journals versus matched other-specialty journals. Decreased subscription recommendations for sex/gender-related journals were mediated by decreased favorability and quality beliefs, especially for men and those low in feminist ideology. However, we found possible androcentric-interest within the public sphere. The public reach of articles published in sex/gender-related was greater than other-specialty journals. The consequences of these differential perceptions for students versus the public and the impact on women’s advancement in social science and psychological science are discussed. (shrink)

Purpose In this paper, faculty librarians at an academic institution explore the ethical dimensions of conducting research with user-generated social networking service data. In an effort to guide librarian-researchers, this paper first offers a background discussion of privacy ethics across disciplines and then proposes a library-specific ethical framework for conducting SNS research. Design/methodology/approach By surveying the literature in other disciplines, three key considerations are identified that can inform ethical practice in the field of library science: context, expectation, and value analysis. (...) For each of these considerations, the framework is tailored to consider ethical issues, as they relate to libraries and our practice as librarian-researchers. Findings The unique role of the librarian-researcher demands an ethical framework specific to that practice. The findings of this paper propose such a framework. Practical implications Librarian-researchers are at a unique point in our history. In exploring SNSs as a source of data to conduct research and improve services, we become challenged by conflicting and equally cherished values of patron privacy and information access. By evaluating research according to context, expectations, and value, this framework provides an ethical path forward for research using SNS data. Originality/value As of this paper’s publication, there is no existing ethical framework for conducting SNS research in libraries. The proposed framework is informed both by library values and by broader research values, and therefore provides unique guidelines for the librarian-researcher. (shrink)

The structures of spherical RNA plant tiruses, containing 180 copies of one protein subunit, are closely related to those of the animal RNA picornaviruses, which are built of 60 copies of each of three larger capsid proteins. Other spherical RNA and DNA viruses utilize the same structural motif as building units of the viral capsid. It is therefore probable that many of the simple RNA viruses, whether found in animals or plants, have had a common genetic origin. The original gene (...) may have coded for a protein that bound to specific molecules on the cell surface. (shrink)

Die Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts, von G.E. Lessing.--Das Prinzip der Geschichte der Menschheit, von J.G. Herder.--Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht. Erneuerte Frage: Ob das menschliche Geschlecht im beständigen Fortschreiten zum Besseren sei, von I, Kant.--Was heisst und zu welchem Ende studiert man Universalgeschichte, von F. Schiller.--Zur Geschichte, von J.W. Goethe.--Betrachtungen über die bewegenden Ursachen der Weltgeschichte. Über die Aufgabe des Geschichtsschreibers, von W. von Humboldt.--Die Grundzüge des gegenwärtigen Zeitalters, von J.G. Fichte.--Die Weltalter, von F.W.J. Schelling.--Der allgemeine Begriff der (...) philosophischen Weltgeschichte. Die Weltgeschichte, von G.W.F. Hegel.--Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei, von K. Marx und F. Engels. Über Glück und Unglück in der Weltgeschichte, von J. Burckhardt.--Die Geisteswissenschaften, von W. Dilthey.--Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Historie für das Leben, von F. Nietzsche.--Wissenschaft als Beruf, von M. Weber.--Vom sinn der Geschichte, von K. Jaspers. (shrink)

The present study focuses on the association between peer integration and the development of depressive symptoms in secondary school students. A sample of 393 7th grade students (194 boys, 199 girl...

Scholars have studied collective teacher efficacy mainly at the school level. The present study also focuses on collective teacher efficacy expectations, but it emphasises the collaborative teaching of two teachers working together in one classroom. This study investigates personal, contextual, and systemic factors that may influence collective self-efficacy expectations of Co-teacher teams. For the present study, 264 teachers who were part of a Co-teaching team finished an online questionnaire. Results from multiple regression analysis indicated that team characteristics influenced the subjective (...) evaluation of efficacy expectations in teams much more than individual characteristics or the social context in which Co-teaching teams worked. (shrink)

Die Aufgabe der Universitat im 20. Jahrhundert Die Fragen nach den Aufgaben, den strukturellen Veranderungen und dem gesellschaftlichen und politischen Stellenwert der Universitat waren fur Karl Jaspers uber 45 Jahre hinweg Gegenstand philosophischer und sozialkritischer Reflexion. Hierfur steht neben 13 veroffentlichten Vortragen, Aufsatzen und Interviews vor allem die 1923 erstmals publizierte, dann 1946 neu konzipierte und zuletzt 1961 gemeinsam mit Kurt Rossmann in die damaligen Reformdebatten eingebrachte Schrift Die Idee der Universitat. Durch die Verortung der Universitat im Kontext von (...) Wahrheit, Freiheit und Frieden avancierten Jaspers' Texte zur Universitatsidee zu einem Pladoyer fur politische Freiheit, Demokratie und Humanismus, das in den aktuellen Diskussionen um Gestalt, Aufgaben und Ziele der Universitat seinesgleichen sucht. Der vorliegende Band versammelt erstmals samtliche von Jaspers selbst veroffentlichten Texte zur Universitat. Der Kommentar gibt Einblicke in inhaltliche Zusammenhange, die zeitgeschichtlichen Kontexte sowie die Genese der einzelnen Schriften. Oliver Immel, geb. 1972, studierte Philosophie, Ethnologie, Anglistik und Soziologie an der Universitat Mainz. Er lehrte als Dozent fur Philosophie an den Universitaten Mainz, Heidelberg, Vechta und Oldenburg und ist wissenschaftlicher Editor der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen am Philosophischen Institut der Universitat Oldenburg. (shrink)

In “Scientific Experiences of a European Scholar in America,” Adorno likens his early trips from New York City to a previously abandoned New Jersey brewery, the site of the Princeton Radio Research Project, to Kafka's story about the “Great Natural Theater of Oklahama [sic]” at the end of the novel Amerika (German title: Der Verschollene). It is easy enough to account for this association. The natural theater story tells of Karl Rossmann's hire and transportation by train to a kind (...) of circus in the American dustbowl. Rossmann is a European immigrant in search of refuge. It is, however, a highly…. (shrink)