El coloquio-conversatorio Memorias sonoras, prisión política y dictaduras en el Cono Sur. Reflexiones trasandinas sensibles se desarrolló el día 11 de septiembre de 2021, día de conmemoración de las víctimas de violencias políticas durante la dictadura militar chilena. Fue organizado por la línea Arte y Política del Núcleo de Sociología del Arte y las Prácticas Culturales de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Chile, y contó con la participación de expositoras chilenas y argentinas: Analía Lutowicz, Victoria Polti, (...) Katia Chornik y Francisca Cornejo. A continuación, presentamos tres de las ponencias propuestas para el conversatorio: “Memorias de canciones de Violeta Parra y la Nueva Canción Chilena en mujeres ex presas políticas en la cárcel del Buen Pastor de Valparaíso durante la dictadura militar chilena” a cargo de Francisca Cornejo, “La memoria sonora de las experiencias concentracionarias en Argentina. Escuchando las miradas que construyen los relatos del Terrorismo de Estado durante la última dictadura cívico-militar”, a cargo de Analía Lutowicz y “La performatividad del sonido y la escucha en contextos concentracionarios” de Victoria Polti. (shrink)

Resumen: Este texto consiste básicamente en una presentación general de la corriente filosófica del nuevo realismo surgida en 2007 y en la que participan autores europeos y norteamericanos. Un punto en común de las diversas posiciones dentro de esta corriente es el deslinde crítico frente a la filosofía posmoderna y a la filosofía moderna en general. Explico esta crítica y sus implicaciones para la posibilidad de un restablecimiento en la filosofía contemporánea del pensamiento metafísico.: This text is basically an overview (...) of philosophical new realism which emerged in 2007 and involves European and American authors. A common point to the various positions within this current is a critical detachment from postmodern philosophy and modern philosophy in general. i explain this criticism and its implications for the possibility of a restoration in contemporary philosophy of metaphysical thought. (shrink)

Background Even though we are now well into the 21st century and notwithstanding all the abuse to individuals involved in clinical studies that has been documented throughout History, fundamental ethical principles continue to be violated in one way or another. Discussion Here are some of the main factors that contribute to the abuse of subjects participating in clinical trials: paternalism, improper use of informed consent, lack of strict ethical supervision, pressure exerted by health institutions to increase the production of scientific (...) material, and the absence of legislation regarding ethics in terms of health care and research. Are researchers ready to respect fundamental ethical principles in light of the ample window of information provided by individual genomes, while defending the rights of the subjects participating in clinical studies as a major priority? Summary As one of the possible solutions to this problem, education regarding fundamental ethical principles is suggested for participants in research studies as an initial method of cognitive training in ethics, together with the promotion of ethical behavior in order to encourage the adoption of reasonable policies in the field of values, attitudes and behavior. (shrink)

Agents know some but not all logical consequences of what they know. Agents seem to be neither logically omniscient nor logically incompetent. Yet finding an intermediate standard of minimal rationality has proven difficult. In this paper, I take suggestions found in the literature (Lewis, 1988; Hawke, Özgün and Berto, 2020; Plebani and Spolaore, 2021) and join the forces of subject matter and impossible worlds approaches to devise a new solution to this quandary. I do so by combining a space of (...) FDE worlds (Berto and Jago, 2019) with a Lewisian (1988) understanding of subject matters as partitions. By doing so, I show how subject matters impose some order in the anarchic space of FDE worlds, while the worlds allow for distinctions between contents which would not otherwise be available. Combining the two approaches, then, brings us closer to the desired closure principles for knowledge of minimally rational agents. (shrink)

Dentro del organigrama de la industria musical, las casas discográficas y emisoras radiales generan su dependiente relación por medio de la música grabada. En nuestro país, entre los años 1964-67, los sellos fonográficos nacionales lograron que muchos de sus artistas fueran invitados a las estaciones radiales por los disc-jockeys más famosos para promocionar sus discos. No obstante, se produjeron constantes discusiones y polémicas cuando las radios no difundieron, o bien, silenciaron muchos registros discográficos de intérpretes criollos, puesto que consideraron que (...) las casas disqueras plasmaron mucha música que no merecía ser editada. Las emisoras radiales se defendieron argumentando que, prácticamente,no valía la pena ser dueño de un pequeño sello discográfico, ni invertir en promoción, ni conseguir discos de éxito cuando sus artistas no podían demostrar su talento en directo. En otras palabras, las radios chilenas exigieron calidad integral al artista nacional: hit radial y presentación en vivo. (shrink)

Chronic diseases are the main disease burden worldwide, leading to premature deaths and poor individual and population health outcomes. Although modern medicine has made significant progress in developing effective treatments, only around 50% of people follow long-term treatment recommendations in high-income countries and presumably even less in low-income and middle-income countries.1 Health outcomes for chronic diseases follow a social gradient across socioeconomic groups, suggesting that the 50% adherence rate distributes unequally across social groups, affecting those who live in disadvantage the (...) most despite universal health coverage.2 Bioethicists have largely ignored inequalities that arise from differences in adherence to long-term treatments and the importance of the ethical dimension of chronicity for clinical practice. As I discuss in detail elsewhere, the concept of ‘chronic disease’ lacks a successful and agreed definition, failing to be structured in a traditional way and allowing for a disjunctive group of diseases to fall under the concept.3 Still, the main element that helps distinguish ‘chronic diseases’ from all other diseases is their long duration, so the noun chronicity can help demarcate and identify the nature of ‘chronic disease’. Drawing on conceptual analysis and phenomenological research on illness that highlight the tension between the cyclical and static elements of chronic disease, I have argued that chronicity has a phenomenological sense beyond its …. (shrink)

Agents know some but not all logical consequences of what they know. Agents seem to be neither logically omniscient nor logically incompetent. Yet finding an intermediate standard of minimal rationality has proven difficult. In this paper, I take suggestions found in the literature (Lewis, 1988; Hawke, Özgün and Berto, 2020; Plebani and Spolaore, 2021) and join the forces of subject matter and impossible worlds approaches to devise a new solution to this quandary. I do so by combining a space of (...) FDE worlds (Berto and Jago, 2019) with a Lewisian (1988) understanding of subject matters as partitions. By doing so, I show how subject matters impose some order in the anarchic space of FDE worlds, while the worlds allow for distinctions between contents which would not otherwise be available. Combining the two approaches, then, brings us closer to the desired closure principles for knowledge of minimally rational agents. (shrink)

El objetivo del trabajo es demostrar que el periódico Correo de la Exposición, surgido como suplemento de la Exhibición Internacional de Chile de 1875, fue un “aparato estético”, superando su carácter complementario. La novedad de este trabajo radica en que se descubre el discurso cientificista y artístico que profundiza los avances obtenidos en am-bas materias hacia 1875. Las conclusiones del trabajo señalan que Correo de la Exposición impuso sus propias reglas exhibitivas y mecanismos de aparición especialmente de las Bellas Artes, (...) por lo cual es un periódico relevante para la historia de la crítica artística chilena. (shrink)

The readiness of Buddhists to dialogue with and embrace modern science has caused some to worry that this encounter will deform Buddhist traditions for the sake of acceptance by the West. But their strong tradition of epistemological skepticism and intellectual pluralism makes it unlikely that Buddhists will embrace scientific positivism. Given the tensions between religion and science in contemporary western society, it is perhaps this feature of Buddhism that can make the most fruitful contribution in its dialogue with science.

El artículo analiza el concepto de la «muerte» en la filosofía del pensador español Xavier Zubiri, quien rechazó la habitual división del ser humano en cuerpo (mortal) y alma (inmortal), y propuso una concepción del hombre entendido como «totalidad psico-física». Esta concepción implica necesariamente la mortalidad del individuo, pero bajo la influencia del teólogo francés M.-É. Boismard, Zubiri plantea un concepto de «resurrección» del hombre como un todo, considerando un error hablar solo de una resurrección del cuerpo. Zubiri piensa que, (...) gracias a su libertad, el sujeto puede construir una «figura eterna» de su ser, que permanece para siempre, y alcanza la gracia de la vida eterna, dependiendo de que dicha figura la haya construido el sujeto en versión o aversión hacia la realidad suprema: Dios. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, EarlyView.

Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, Volume 31, Issue 1, Page 4-16, January 2022.

The Aymara of the Andes use absolute (cardinal) frames of reference for describing the relative position of ordinary objects. However, rather than encoding them in available absolute lexemes, they do it in lexemes that are intrinsic to the body: nayra (“front”) and qhipa (“back”), denoting east and west, respectively. Why? We use different but complementary ethnographic methods to investigate the nature of this encoding: (a) linguistic expressions and speech–gesture co-production, (b) linguistic patterns in the distinct regional Spanish-based variety Castellano Andino (...) (CA), (c) metaphorical extensions of CA’s spatial patterns to temporal ones, and (d) layouts of traditional houses. Findings indicate that, following fundamental principles of Aymara cosmology, people, objects, and land—as a whole—are conceived as having an implicit canonical orientation facing east, a primary landmark determined by the sunrise. The above bodily based lexicalizations are thus linguistic manifestations of a broader macro-cultural worldview and its psycho-cognitive reality. (shrink)

Quizá no sea desacertado destacar que cuando Étienne Balibar afirma que el sujeto-ciudadano rousseauniano constituye una «figura propiamente revolucionaria», no está simplemente mencionándolo desde una perspectiva teórico-política, pues está haciendo ver que la dualidad que comporta supone una figura revolucionaria en un sentido lingüístico y especulativo. En este artículo, nuestro propósito no es otro que analizar el triple alcance de la «invención teórica de Rousseau». Que las significaciones conceptuales no puedan ser simples o unívocas, es lo que en buena medida (...) intentaremos poner de relieve siguiendo su interpretación de algunas de las nociones medulares del Contrato social de Rousseau. (shrink)

El presente artículo aborda la experiencia de la sobrevivencia de los presos políticos en el Campo de Prisioneros de Chacabuco durante la dictadura cívico-militar chilena, a través de la práctica artística teatral, entre 1973 y 1974. A modo de hipótesis se plantea que el teatro permitió a los presos mermar el drama y construir transitoriamente realidades diferentes, suspendiendo la realidad impuesta y creando otras alternativas. La pregunta principal es de qué manera el corpus dramático de Mario Molina, escrito durante su (...) detención, generó estrategias de supervivencia y condiciones para interpretar los nuevos hechos extraordinarios que estaban sucediendo. El teatro de Mario Molina en cuanto a escritura, puesta en escena y recepción se analiza desde su propia dramaturgia, así como desde el campo testimonial. (shrink)

Família e escola são os dois primeiros contextos de desenvolvimento afetivo, cognitivo e social da criança. As experiências vividas nos contextos familiar e escolar interferem nas aprendizagens escolares. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos das relações afetivas familiares no desempenho escolar de alunos do Ensino Fundamental I e conhecer quais orientações são dadas a professores diante de alunos com problemas de aprendizagem ocasionados por afetos negativos nas relações familiares. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa de artigos científicos nas (...) bases de dados SciELO, PePSIC e BVS-Psi, utilizando-se o operador booleano AND e os descritores “relações familiares”, “desempenho acadêmico”, “desenvolvimento infantil”, “problemas de aprendizagem” e “afeto”, “interação pai(s) e filho(s)”, “motivação”, “parentalidade”, “empatia”, “rendimento escolar” e “aluno”. Foram adotados como critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados entre 2012 e 2022, em português, disponibilizados gratuitamente on-line e na íntegra. De 11.557 artigos encontrados, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados 80 e, destes, cinco contemplaram os objetivos deste estudo. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo e apontam que a relação afetiva familiar positiva apresenta consequências positivas no desempenho escolar; as relações afetivas familiares negativas afetam negativamente; e que não são dadas orientações a professores sobre como lidar com alunos com problemas de aprendizagem, devido a problemas nas relações afetivas familiares. Observa-se que novos estudos devem ser desenvolvidos, considerando-se as lacunas identificadas no acervo selecionado. (shrink)

En este articulo se examina la tradicional caracterización de la filosofía de la ciencia como una disciplina normativa. Se discuten varias concepciones de esta disciplina, cada una de las cuales ofrece una respuesta diferente a la pregunta de si es posible, y cómo, una filosofía de la ciencia genuinamente normativa. De entre esas concepciones, se opta por una forma de naturalismo que se diferencia de otras en la exigeneia de que la normatividad de la filosofía de la ciencia inc!uya la (...) discusión de los objetivos y valores, epistémicos o no, de la ciencia. La necesidad de esta inc!usión se ilustra, finalmente, con el ejemplo de la aetividad conocida como “cicncia reguladora”.This article examines the traditional characterization of the philosophy of science as a normative discipline. Several understandings of this discipline are discussed; each of them offering a different answer to the question whether, and how, a genuinely normative philosophy of science might be possible. Among these views, I choose one variety of naturalism that differs from others in its commitment with the discussion of science’s aims and values, either epistemic or non-epistemic. Finally, the need for this inclusion is illustrated with the example of the so-called “regulatory science”. (shrink)

Many of the actual bioethical discussions start from the assumption that we have absolute dominance/disposition over our body. Based on the thesis of autonomy, control over one's own life and the freedom to do anything, at least with one's body, the goodness or legitimacy of acts such as suicide and euthanasia are often justified. Considering the last statements, this paper seeks to approach the question of the nature of the disposition –main attribute of dominion or property– over the body. It (...) will be argued on the basis of Thomas Aquinas' theory and Immanuel Kant's exposition, often wrongly considered, in my opinion, as rival doctrines. The whole writing will be oriented to review the relations of the modern principle of autonomy with the problem of the morality of suicide. (shrink)

Purpose This paper reviews the origins of the Ethics Council of the Federation of Social Communication Media of Chile and looks into the historical circumstances surrounding its creation, the concept of self-regulation as understood by its founders, and the criteria that initially ruled its operation. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative survey of nine contemporary witnesses and the confrontation with the scientific literature. Findings The results reveal a significant coincidence with the academic literature both in the description of the concept of self-regulation and (...) in the origin of the ethics councils and of the system under which they operate. However, a series of nuances not usually considered in the concept of self-regulation are described. Originality/value This study will help assess the national and international possibilities of self-regulation and the significance of the Chilean ethics council. (shrink)

El agua como bien vital de todo ser vivo, ante un estado de vulnerabilidad, daño y/o riesgo puede manifestarse como conflicto socio ambiental. En el mapeo del conflicto se identifican diversos actores, sin embargo, un actor imprescindible son los miembros de la comunidad en el que emergen conflictos que deben ser gestionados para llevar a un consenso de bien común. El estudio de caso expuesto, aborda y describe elementos esenciales que deben ser previstos en la gestión y acuerdos de conflicto (...) entre miembros de ejidos, comunidades y/o pueblos indígenas desde la interpretación del lenguaje social y cultural. (shrink)

This paper starts by establishing a prima facie case that disadvantaged groups or individuals are more likely to get a chronic disease and are in a disadvantaged position to adhere to chronic treatment despite access through Universal Health Coverage. However, the main aim of this paper is to explore the normative implications of this claim by examining two different but intertwined argumentative lines that might contribute to a better understanding of the ethical challenges faced by chronic disease health policy. The (...) paper develops the argument that certain disadvantages which may predispose to illness might overlap with disadvantages that may hinder self-management, potentially becoming disadvantageous in handling chronic disease. If so, chronic diseases may be seen as disadvantages in themselves, describing a reproduction of disadvantage among the chronically ill and a vicious circle of disadvantage that could both predict and shed light on the catastrophic health outcomes among disadvantaged groups—or individuals—dealing with chronic disease. (shrink)

En el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 el artículo se centra en las personas adultas mayores y pregunta acerca de dos tópicos: por una parte, por la soledad y las relaciones sociales; por otra, por el envejecimiento mismo y por la muerte. Considerando estas dimensiones, el artículo expone, primero, la idea de respectividad, tal como ha sido expuesta por el filósofo español Xavier Zubiri; y segundo, se expone la aproximación al fenómeno del envejecimiento y a la idea de vida (...) como actividad, tal como es expuesta por el pensador alemán Max Scheler. Finalmente, se propone una aplicación de ambos conceptos a los adultos mayores: una vida humana será mejor, si la persona es activa y vive en buenas y profundas relaciones sociales. (shrink)

While individuals interact, they coordinate their feelings and emotions. They also coordinate several kinds of expression while interacting, like facial expressions and gestures. Inspired by Karl Bühler’s Organon model and Henri Bergson’s description of remembering experiences, we explore interpersonal coordination during a collaborative remembering task between two people. We present a case study of one dyad employing videography to identify and distinguish two types of spontaneous interpersonal coordination. In a later stage, separate interviews of both participants are analyzed to establish (...) whether content, freely remembered, is related to the previously observed coordination. The data describes that expressive-affective coordination during interaction is directly linked to the subjective organization of experience in individual remembering. We discuss these results, emphasizing the intersubjective aspects of lived experience and their relationship to expressive and representational aspects of coordination and remembering. (shrink)

Alors que le pays brûle, je brode. Je le fais depuis des années pour différentes raisons. Tout d’abord, pour évoquer les tissus de ma maison qui ont été brodés par ma mère et mes tantes. D’autre part, pour apporter cette affectivité et cette mémoire dans un espace organisationnel avec mes collègues de travail. Nous nous sommes réunies et rapprochées après avoir brodé une grande toile représentant les travailleurs de la maison centrale de l’université du Chili, une tâche qui nous a (...) pris des mois et qui a été décomposée en d’autres pièces connexes, telles que des slogans et des revendications syndicales. Des pièces différentes, mais toutes liées. J’ai également brodé un slogan de lutte pour les survivants de la violence politique et sexuelle pendant la dictature. Je continue également à broder les souvenirs d’un groupe de femmes qui ont été enlevées et assassinées dans la ville de mon enfance, en créant leurs visages avec un matériau particulier : les cheveux de femmes comme elles. (shrink)

The variety \ of semi-Heyting algebras was introduced by H. P. Sankappanavar [13] as an abstraction of the variety of Heyting algebras. Semi-Heyting algebras are the algebraic models for a logic HsH, known as semi-intuitionistic logic, which is equivalent to the one defined by a Hilbert style calculus in Cornejo :9–25, 2011) [6]. In this article we introduce a Gentzen style sequent calculus GsH for the semi-intuitionistic logic whose associated logic GsH is the same as HsH. The advantage of (...) this presentation of the logic is that we can prove a cut-elimination theorem for GsH that allows us to prove the decidability of the logic. As a direct consequence, we also obtain the decidability of the equational theory of semi-Heyting algebras. (shrink)

The following article analyzes the development of education plans in home economics and home education between 1920 and 1960 in the case of Chile. From this perspective, it is interesting to investigate the impact on female pedagogical training of the manuals and education programs in home economics and home education between 1920 and 1960, promoted by the different Chilean governments of the period. The results show that these plans and programmes enhanced the training of women in domestic work, contributing to (...) this task from primary, secondary and later university education, it is also noted that the educational policies promoted in the period contributed to strengthen a naturalizing discourse on the relationship. (shrink)