Spatial planning policies are fundamental blocks for the implementation of sustainable development goals. Still, despite the growing adoption of environmental proxies, as it is nature-based solutions, the study of their institutionalization in policy and spatial planning is in the early stages. Simultaneously, the use of discursive and interpretative methods to unfold the social structures related to environmental issues is growing, nonetheless, their application is more common to supranational narratives. This article proposes a conceptual and methodological approach to using critical discourse (...) analysis for studying the institutionalization and conceptualization of nature-related issues in policy and spatial planning at national and local levels. This is done by discussing the ontological relations between the discursive institutionalist theory and critical discourse analysis as a methodology. It contains four main stages: clarifying the analytical focus; mapping policy and planning documents; analyzing macro discourse, which includes critical textual analysis, text-type analysis, and intertextuality analysis, and, at last, the fourth phase, interpretation within the institutional context. It provides a tool for researchers less familiar with linguistics but interested in performing discourse analysis to understand the integration of environmental narratives within policy and spatial planning. (shrink)

In this article, the right to health is discussed as a social right and an essential requisite in the construction and guarantee of human rights, more precisely human dignity, considering this right as a complex but effective process in the transformation of the social reality. In the first place, the activities of the public power and its difficulties to guarantee universal access to health are highlighted. This scenario ends up inhibiting the practice of the right to health and prevents users (...) from enjoying and using it. In that sense, this article challenges and explores some alternatives to solidify and put in practice the right to health in Brazil. Departing from the analysis of the Unified Health System and social participation in Brazil, this article discusses the judicialization of health in the country, highlighting the difficulties the State faces to equitably offer universal healthcare to society. This context offers an opportunity for reflection and a paradigm change, from the “judicialization of health” to the “judicialization of health policies.” Finally, the public health policies adopted by other countries are emphasized, in the attempt to construct the empowerment of human beings in the practice of their rights, particularly social participation and the discussion about the States’ responsibility to put their citizens’ right to health in practice. In conclusion, the political and collective construction of the right to health needs to be encouraged, distinguishing the legitimate interests of the different interlocutors involved. (shrink)

The sensible and conflicting scenario of the pandemic postulated many challenges to societies around the world in 2020. Part of this problem refers to how the differences between politics and science are not comprehended in their particularities. The recognition of limits and power of science and politics can not only contribute to reaching the actions and strategies facing novel coronavirus but also optimized many domains of society.

An analysis of the theses of social holism and individualism, and arguments for the metaphysical integrity and irreducibility of both social properties and social entities. The last chapter discusses explanation in social science.

To what extend do the standard tests for realism, say in the philosophy of mind, apply to the social sciences?

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre el sentido de la crisis de las ciencias en Husserl desde el punto de vista del positivismo para sostener la tesis que afirma que esta crisis es antropológica y al mismo tiempo es una crisis cultural que descansa en el olvido del mundo de la vida. Lo anterior permite pensar y fundamentar el sentido antropológico de la fenomenología y sus relaciones con la ética, lo que constituye dos de los ejes de mayor (...) relevancia dentro de las investigaciones fenomenológicas actuales. A partir de un análisis crítico e interpretativo de las obras, se pretende mostrar que el fin último de la fenomenología consiste en la recuperación o reconstrucción del sujeto racional. Al ser así, la fenomenología cobra un importante sentido ético y antropológico que abre líneas fundamentales de investigación fenomenológica. (shrink)

El texto trata de abordar la noción de «significante» lacaniano desde una hermenéutica filosófica. Para ello se recorrerán algunos momentos clave de la elaboración de Lacan sin dar por supuesto ningún uso o definición que se promueve del término en cuestión, todo ello con la intención de subrayar aspectos como el del sentido y la vedad que desde un análisis hermenéutico-filosófico pueden ser captados en toda su profundidad.

This paper presents an analysis and critique of Roger Penrose’s epistemological, methodological, and ontological positions. The analysis is relevant not only because Penrose is an influential scientist, but also because of the particular traits of his thought. These traits are directly connected with his background and approach to science: ontological and epistemological realism, mathematical Platonism, emphasis on the continuities of science, epistemological inclusiveness and essential openness of science, the role of common sense, emphasis on the connection between science, ethics, and (...) philosophy. The paper articulates Penrose’s position and criticizes some of its possible shortcomings. It contributes to the perception of science as an open activity, as illustrated in Penrose’s particular approach, and provides an interesting case-study that can contribute to understanding how epistemological and ontological positions are connected with particular scientific practices. (shrink)

Chantal Maillard ha sido una de las pensadoras más relevantes de los últimos años. Su método creativo yatrevido ha indagado en una de las tensiones más importantes de la cultura actual: aquella que resulta de los encuentros y conflictos entre filosofía y poesía. Partiendo de la perspectiva maillardiana, este artículo aborda el lugar de lo poético en el mundo actual. Para ello, se postula que la distinción entre poesía y poema es una de las hipótesis centrales de la propuesta de (...) Maillard y es la que permite comprender que lo poético hace parte del flujo existencial por el que un fenómeno concreto de mundo puede acabar y dar lugar a otro, respondiendo a las insatisfacciones que alimentan el deseo por algo distinto a lo que ya-está. (shrink)

Se explora el desarrollo del campo de la Alfabetización Mediática y Digital en México, entre 2000 y 2021, mediante el análisis bibliométrico de publicaciones en Scopus y Web of Science, a partir del uso de frases sinónimas. Se observa una incipiente y dispersa producción científica en dicha área del conocimiento para el periodo de estudio.

Apresenta-se uma análise fílmica do videodocumentário Roda o Tererê com vistas a investigar se e como o filme dirigido pela cineasta brasileira Lilian Solá Santiago contribui para uma descolonização do olhar, da estética e da política das imagens. Interessa identificar até que ponto o videodocumentário tensiona o regime de visibilidade dominante na sociedade nacional problematizado por teóricos localizados fora do eixo cultural da Europa. Conclui-se que, ao inscrever-se enquanto cineasta, Lilian Santiago não transforma a sua câmera apenas em voz; transforma (...) o microfone em ouvido, e faz dele uma caixa de ressonância para que as pessoas ouçam e vejam aqueles que vem sendo historicamente apagados dos espaços do aparecer. (shrink)

Understanding cultural evolution is one of the most challenging and indispensable scientific tasks for the survival of humankind on our planet. This task demands, besides an adoption of theories and models from biological evolution, theories for culture-specific processes as well. Language evolution and language acquisition offer interesting objects of study in this respect. (Published Online November 9 2006).

Happy cow messages are instances of commercial speech by the animal industry which, by action or by omission, mislead consumers about the harmful effects that the industry has for nonhuman animals, the environment, or human health. Despite their ubiquity, happy cow messages have received little philosophical scrutiny. This paper aims to call attention to this form of speech, and to make the case for its restriction. To do so we first conceptualize happy cow messages. Second, we argue that they encroach (...) upon individual autonomy in two particularly objectionable ways: by impairing our ability to behave according to our moral convictions, and by thwarting our capacity to identify and reason about our moral duties. This, we hold, grounds a pro tanto case for stricter and more comprehensive regulations of commercial speech by the animal industry. Third, and against the objection that restricting happy cow messages would violate freedom of speech, we contend that none of the most influential arguments for free speech grants them protection. Indeed, we suggest, those rationales seem to call for their restriction. Fourth, and finally, we review some possible ways to defuse the misleading potential of happy cow messages through commercial speech regulations. (shrink)

Segundo Bruno Latour, “a ecologia nos enlouquece; e é daí que precisamos partir” (LATOUR, 2020a, p. 31). Propomos, portanto, que as imagens do Antropoceno sejam pensadas através de seus afetos: em especial a tristeza profunda. Através dos conceitos de psicopolítica (Byung-Chul Han) e cosmopolítica (Isabelle Stengers), este artigo demarca uma investigação inicial a respeito das possíveis relações entre depressão e clima; melancolia e cosmologia. Abordamos a racionalidade diagnóstica dos Modernos, assim como potenciais críticos e criativos do sujeito depressivo diante à (...) intrusão de Gaia. Por fim, indicamos futuros caminhos desta pesquisa por meio de uma sondagem de riscos atrelados à incomensurabilidade entre múltiplas perspectivas. Pode a depressão traçar, para além dos sentimentos de paralisia e impotência, alguma linha de fuga da emergência climática? Há tratamento? Pharmakon adequado? Uma resposta que não seja bárbara?Palavras-chave: Depressão; Gaia; Psicopolítica; Cosmopolítica; Antropoceno. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza los discursos de científicos españoles residentes en Bochum (Alemania), y de parte de ellos que, tras pasar una larga etapa en dicha ciudad, habían retornado. El mismo muestra cómo experimentan una dificultosa adaptación caracterizada por un sentimiento de infravaloración laboral, una falta de estabilidad y la añoranza de ciertos aspectos propios de la cultura española como la calidad del ocio y la mayor sociabilidad de su población. Por otro lado, se observa un retorno singularizado por la desincronización (...) con sus lugares de origen, debido a que sienten que el tiempo ha pasado muy rápido en los mismos, mientras que para ellos sus vidas se ha ralentizado. (shrink)

The link between leadership and mental health at the workplace is well established by prior research. However, most of the studies have addressed this relationship from a single-source perspective. The aim of this study was to examine how supervisor and employee ratings of health-oriented leadership correspond to each other and which sources are predictive for employee mental health. We assessed data within 99 teams containing 713 employees in 11 different companies in Southern Germany. Supervisors and their staff completed questionnaires on (...) the supervisors’ health-oriented staff-care dimensions awareness, value of health and health behavior and current mental distress. Hierarchical linear models revealed that supervisors’ self-ratings were significantly related to their employees’ ratings only on the health behavior dimension, but not on the health awareness and value of health dimensions. Also, supervisors rated themselves significantly higher on HoL compared to their employees. Employee ratings of HoL significantly predicted their own level of mental distress, whereas supervisor ratings of HoL did not predict employees’ mental distress at the team level. Supervisors’ self-ratings of HoL did not influence the relationship between employee ratings of HoL and their mental distress on an individual level. These results highlight the complex relationship between multisource assessments of HoL and employee mental health, emphasizing the importance of subjective perception for mental health. Future studies should investigate under which conditions supervisor and employee ratings correspond to each other and are predictive for mental health at the workplace. (shrink)

Lo que aquí se presenta es una introducción a las posibles implicaciones de una «estética freudiana», estética que estaría atravesada por el proyecto inacabado de Freud: la fundamentación de la Trieblehre.

The aim of this paper is to clarify the truth-functional interpretation of the logical connective of the material implication. The importance of such clarification lies in the fact that it allows avoiding the supposed paradoxes introduced by C. I. Lewis (1918). I argue that an adequate understanding of the history and purposes of logic is enough to dissolve them away. The defense is based on an exposition of propositional compositionalism. To compare, I also present Stalnaker’s (1968) alternative that seeks to (...) explain the implicit concept of conditionality of conditionals assertions. In order to reinforce my aim I expound the twelve different meanings of ‘implication’ stated by Corcoran (1993) in order to hold that a proper understanding of these meanings allows us to avoid ambiguities and confusions. Finally, I expect to show that despite the possible alternatives, compositionalism is still the best explanation for the truth-functionality account of logical connectives. (shrink)

NOTA DEL EDITOR: Bioética en práctica incluye también el texto “Criterios para la asignación de asistencia mecánica respiratoria en pacientes con Covid 19, un mirada bioética” del P. Rubén Revello, del Instituto de Bioética de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, quien amablemente autorizó su reproducción para esta sección de la revista. El Dr. Carlos A. Gómez Fajardo, docente de Bioética de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana y miembro del Comité editorial de la revista Persona y Bioética (...) agradece y comenta brevemente el texto: “Agradezco y recibo con gran atención sus valiosos contenidos. Son pertinentes y acertados los principios mencionados sobre el bien global del paciente y el respeto a la vida de toda persona, sin discriminación, como parte esencial del ethos hipocrático. Es innegable la necesidad del uso de criterios objetivos en la asignación de asistencia mecánica respitatoria. Para ello, en la disciplina de los cuidados críticos se dispone de las herramientas soportadas en la evidencia, de gran valor práctico y como es obvio en el uso de elementos de diagnóstico y terapia, también con sus limitantes, como sucede con las limitaciones de valores predictivos de las mismas. Encuentro que el uso del concepto “preservar la mayoría de los años de vida”, por parte de Jakie Powder del Jhon Hopkins Center of Bioethic, se puede prestar a equívocos, pues podría entenderse como un intento de reducción de criterios utilitaristas para la asignación de recursos de ARM; el autor se hace cargo del tema e indica que “cabe aclarar que ‘preservar la mayoría de los años de vida’ no significa hacer un triage que excluya de la AMR a pacientes que sobrepasan una cierta edad, sino que no se incluya a pacientes cuya prolongación de la vida solo resulte precaria y penosa”. En el ámbito académico-filosófico de la disciplina de la bioética se encuentran en contradicción esencial dos visiones: la utilitarista materialista y la realista; es de difícil conciliación racional el intento de cuantificación objetiva de “calidad de vida”, pues ello conduciría a posibles decisiones injustas. Creo que es pertinente reconocer que el ejercicio práctico de la medicina se enmarca, generalmente -no solo en situación de pandemia- en un entorno de escasez de recursos. Estos, por supuesto, siempre han de asignarse dentro del marco de la racionalidad, la proporcionalidad terapéutica y la justicia, pero es pertinente reconocer que existen variables que determinan resultados fatales y que no pueden ser atribuibles a los procesos de decisión del clínico, quien no ha de ser obligado a lo imposible cuando el volumen y complejidad de las circunstancias de triage son apremiantes. Ello no deroga el imperativo racional hipocrático del respeto a la vida de todos como inspiración del quehacer”. Este escrito fue publicado por el Centro de Bioética: Persona & Familia, en su portal web, el 22 de abril de 2020. El autor autorizó a la revista Persona y Bioética publicarlo en su sección de Bioética en práctica. Se hicieron modificaciones ortotipográficas leves al texto y una adaptación de las referencias para hacerlo compatible con las pautas editoriales de la revista. (shrink)

Ethics in the USSR revived in the middle of the twentieth century after more than twenty years of silence. The impetus for the development of research and teaching in this area was given by the supreme power, which considered ethics as one of the more effective tools of state propaganda, corresponding to the new social realities. But pretty soon, the very logic of research immersion in the subject required ethicists to deepen the philosophical and normative analysis of morality. This ultimately (...) led to the revision of the postulates of orthodox Soviet social science and to the formation of a strict moral theory within its framework. The latter, by the very fact of its appearance, called into question the agenda of moralizing ideologization. The renewal of Soviet ethics proceeded in several directions, but in theoretical perspective, the key one was the turn from understanding morality as a form of ideological superstructure (which was dogmatically asserted in historical materialism), to understanding it as a way of regulating human behavior with specific functional characteristics. Today one can trace that transition by a number of intermediate steps in the interpretation of morality, the reconstruction of which, based on the texts of the 1950s to early 1970s, is of interest not only in the context of the history of ideas, but also in terms of the development of the methodology of ethical research and understanding of how a rigorous moral theory can be formed. Some episodes of the history of Soviet ethics are relevant today as examples of emancipated thought and intellectual opposition to the domination of state ideology. (shrink)

Moral Constraints on War offers a principle-by-principle presentation of the transcultural roots of the ethics of war in an age defined by the increasingly international nature of military intervention.

The young Martin Buber was so much taken by the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche that at the age of 17 he undertook a translation of the work "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" into Polish. Even though the project had to be abandoned, Buber's enthusiasm for Nietzsche did not wane and traces of his influence are to be found in the different stages of his thought. The article shows how Buber came to introduce a Nietzschean perspective into the nascent Zionist movement. In fact, (...) Martin Buber's sharing in the vision of a reawakening of the Jewish people to its long-slumbering life-force was very much marked by the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche. The influence of the author of the "Zarathustra" upon Buber was particularly attached to the renewed concept of culture that was operative in the early stages of the Zionistic movement. /// Ainda durante a vida de Nietzsche, o jovem Martin Buber sentiu-se de tal maneira atraído pelo pensamento do autor do livro "Assim Falava Zarathustra" que, quando apenas tinha 17 anos de idade, deu início a uma tradução desta obra para Polaco, da qual, contudo, apenas concluiria a primeira parte, pois logo se apercebeu de que idêntica tradução tinha sido já encomendada a outra pessoa. O entusiasmo de Buber por Nietzsche, contudo, não esmoreceu, de tal forma que se podem encontrar traços da sua influência em cada uma das diferentes fases de evolução do seu pensamento. O presente artigo mostra até que ponto foi graças a Buber que uma certa perspectiva nietzschiana acabou por se introduzir no movimento zionista nascente. Foi sob a influência de Nietzsche, com efeito, que se deu a adesão de Buber à ideia de que era necessário retirar o povo judeu do seu adormecimento histórico e do esquecimento da sua própria forçavital. Essa influência, contudo, encontra-se sobretudo impressa no conceito de cultura que haveria de marcar a fase inicial do movimento zionista. (shrink)

El presente ensayo aborda, en seis argumentos, las implicancias de la teoría de los imaginarios sociales en la comprensión del fenómeno comunicativo y su papel en el proceso de la semiosis. Se describe la directa relación existente entre las tres facultades que hacen del hombre un ser simbólico..

This essay sketches out key features of the religious philosophy of the thirteenth- century Japanese Buddhist figure Nichiren 日蓮, and considers his worldview and teaching in the context of the contemporary global scene. Nichiren’s Buddhist worldview can be understood as manifesting a fourfold structure, with a 1) view of the problematic of the human condition, 2) a teaching on ultimate reality and human ultimate destiny, 3) a prescription for the attainment of this ultimate reality/destiny, and 4) social expressions of this (...) ultimate way. Examining Nichiren’s authenticated writings, this essay will lay out the elements of that fourfold structure and offer reflections on how these relate to contemporary issues. (shrink)