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Philosophy of Physical Science
Edited by Hans Halvorson (Princeton University, University of Copenhagen)
Assistant editors: Joshua Luczak, Thomas De De Saegher
Contents
175 found
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| 1 — 50 / 175 |
Material to categorize
- Foundational Issues in Group Field Theory.Álvaro Mozota Frauca - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (3):1-24.In this paper I offer an introduction to group field theory (GFT) and to some of the issues affecting the foundations of this approach to quantum gravity. I first introduce covariant GFT as the theory that one obtains by interpreting the amplitudes of certain spin foam models as Feynman amplitudes in a perturbative expansion. However, I argue that it is unclear that this definition of GFTs amounts to something beyond a computational rule for finding these transition amplitudes and that GFT (...)
- Quantum Mechanics Based on an Extended Least Action Principle and Information Metrics of Vacuum Fluctuations.Jianhao M. Yang - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (3):1-31.We show that the formulations of non-relativistic quantum mechanics can be derived from an extended least action principle. The principle can be considered as an extension of the least action principle from classical mechanics by factoring in two assumptions. First, the Planck constant defines the minimal amount of action a physical system needs to exhibit during its dynamics in order to be observable. Second, there is constant vacuum fluctuation along a classical trajectory. A novel method is introduced to define the (...)
- Beyond the Quantum Membrane Paradigm: A Philosophical Analysis of the Structure of Black Holes in Full QG.Enrico Cinti & Marco Sanchioni - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (3):1-23.This paper presents a philosophical analysis of the structure of black holes, focusing on the event horizon and its fundamental status. While black holes have been at the centre of countless paradoxes arising from the attempt to merge quantum mechanics and general relativity, recent experimental discoveries have emphasised their importance as objects for the development of Quantum Gravity. In particular, the statistical mechanical underpinning of black hole thermodynamics has been a central research topic. The Quantum Membrane Paradigm, proposed by Wallace (...)
- Simulating Nelsonian Quantum Field Theory.Andrea Carosso - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (3):1-31.We describe the picture of physical processes suggested by Edward Nelson’s stochastic mechanics when generalized to quantum field theory regularized on a lattice, after an introductory review of his theory applied to the hydrogen atom. By performing numerical simulations of the relevant stochastic processes, we observe that Nelson’s theory provides a means of generating typical field configurations for any given quantum state. In particular, an intuitive picture is given of the field “beable”—to use a phrase of John Stewart Bell—corresponding to (...)
- Relational Quantum Mechanics: Ozawa’s Intersubjectivity Theorem as Justification of the Postulate on Internally Consistent Descriptions.Andrei Khrennikov - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (3):1-12.The Ozawa’s intersubjectivity theorem (OIT) proved within quantum measurement theory supports the new postulate of relational quantum mechanics (RQM), the postulate on internally consistent descriptions. But from OIT viewpoint postulate’s formulation should be completed by the assumption of probability reproducibility. We remark that this postulate was proposed only recently to resolve the problem of intersubjectivity of information in RQM. In contrast to RQM for which OIT is a supporting theoretical statement, QBism is challenged by OIT.
- The Thermodynamic Cost of Choosing.Carlo Rovelli - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (3):1-9.Choice can be defined in thermodynamical terms, and shown to have a thermodynamic cost: choosing between a binary alternative at temperature T dissipates an energy $$E\ge kT\ln 2$$.
- On resultant motion in discrete space.Sydney Ernest Grimm - manuscriptThe explanation of the existence of quantum transfer in vacuum space around celestial bodies under influence of gravitational vectors./.
- Minkowski Space from Quantum Mechanics.László B. Szabados - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (3):1-48.Penrose’s Spin Geometry Theorem is extended further, from SU(2) and E(3) (Euclidean) to E(1, 3) (Poincaré) invariant elementary quantum mechanical systems. The Lorentzian spatial distance between any two non-parallel timelike straight lines of Minkowski space, considered to be the centre-of-mass world lines of E(1, 3)-invariant elementary classical mechanical systems with positive rest mass, is expressed in terms of E(1, 3)-invariant basic observables, viz. the 4-momentum and the angular momentum of the systems. An analogous expression for E(1, 3)-invariant elementary quantum mechanical (...)
- 分析的技藝——林正弘教授七十祝壽論文集.Chris Fraser (ed.) - 2009 - Taipei:Remove from this listExport citation
Bookmark - Eliminativism and the QCD $$\theta _{\text {YM}}$$-Term: What Gauge Transformations Cannot Do.Henrique Gomes & Aldo Riello - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (2):1-30.The eliminative view of gauge degrees of freedom—the view that they arise solely from descriptive redundancy and are therefore eliminable from the theory—is a lively topic of debate in the philosophy of physics. Recent work attempts to leverage properties of the QCD $$\theta _{\text {YM}}$$ θ YM -term to provide a novel argument against the eliminative view. The argument is based on the claim that the QCD $$\theta _{\text {YM}}$$ θ YM -term changes under “large” gauge transformations. Here we review (...)
- Spatio-temporally Graded Causality: A Model.Bartosz Jura - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (2):1-12.In this paper we consider a claim that in the natural world there is no fact of the matter about the spatio-temporal separation of events. In order to make sense of such a notion and construct useful models of the world, it is proposed to use elements of a non-classical logic. Specifically, we focus here on causality, as a concept tightly related with the assumption of there being distinct, separate events, proposing a model according to which it can be considered (...)
- Timelines: Short Essays and Verse in the Philosophy of Time.Edward A. Francisco - 2024 - Morrisville, North Carolina: Lulu Press.Timelines is an inquiry into the nature of time, both as an apparent feature of the external physical world and as a fundamental feature of our experience of ourselves in the world. The principal argument of Timelines is that our coventional ideas about time are largely mistaken and that what we think of as independent physical time is actually our calibration of a certain relation between events. Namely, the relation between time-keeping events and the causal sequential differences of physical processes (...)
- A Stochastic Model of Mathematics and Science.David H. Wolpert & David B. Kinney - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (2):1-67.We introduce a framework that can be used to model both mathematics and human reasoning about mathematics. This framework involves stochastic mathematical systems (SMSs), which are stochastic processes that generate pairs of questions and associated answers (with no explicit referents). We use the SMS framework to define normative conditions for mathematical reasoning, by defining a “calibration” relation between a pair of SMSs. The first SMS is the human reasoner, and the second is an “oracle” SMS that can be interpreted as (...)
- Causation in Physics.Christopher Gregory Weaver - forthcoming - Cambridge University Press.Causation in Physics demonstrates the importance of causation in the physical world. It details why causal mastery of natural phenomena is an important part of the effective strategies of experimental physicists. It develops three novel arguments for the viewpoint that causation is indispensable to the ontology of some of our best physical theories. All three arguments make much of the successes of experimental physics.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Robustness Analysis and Hubble Tension.Marco Forgione - manuscriptThe paper presents and discusses the Hubble tension with respect to recent results in cosmology. I shall argue that the measurements from the James Webb Space Telescope and TRGB stars calibrations allow us to infer that the estimates of H0 with late universe methods are robust. Building on from robustness analysis, I conclude that the resolution of the tension cannot be expected to come from new systematics, but rather from new physics.
- Geschichte der physik.Adolf Kistner - 1906 - Leipzig,: G. J. Göschen.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...)
- Shintai butsurigaku kyōkasho.Tei Noda - 1909 - Tōkyō: Kaiseikan.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Die prinzipien der mechanischen naturlehre.Wilhelm Max Wundt - 1910 - Stuttgart,: F. Enke.
- Die Physik der bewegten materie und die relativitätstheorie.Max Bernhard Weinstein - 1913 - Leipzig,: J.A. Barth.1. t. Optische und elektromagnetische erscheinungen unter dem einfluss von bewegungen.--2. t. Die weitere relativitätstheorie.
- Raum und zeit im lichte der neueren physik.Hans Witte - 1914 - Braunschweig,: F. Viewig & sohn.Nachdruck der Originalausgabe aus dem Jahr 1914.
- Das Relativitätsprinzip.Alexander von Brill - 1914 - Berlin,: B.G. Teubner.
- Einstein.Leonard Brown Buchanan - 1920 - [Boston,: Pinkham press.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Die relativitätstheorie Einsteins und ihre physikalischen grundlagen gemeinverständlich dargestellt von Max Born.Max Born - 1920 - Berlin,: J. Springer.
- Raum.Hermann Weyl - 1921 - Berlin,: J. Springer.
- La gravifique einsteinienne.Théophile de Donder - 1921 - Paris,: Gauthier-Villars.
- Einstein's theories of relativity and gravitation.James Malcolm Bird - 1921 - New York,: Scientific American Publishing Co.. Edited by Albert Einstein.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be (...)
- Introduction géométrique à l'étude de la relativité.Henri Marais - 1923 - Paris,: Gauthier-Villars.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Die Prüfungsmöglichkeiten der Einsteinschen Relativitätstheorie, allgemein Verständliche und zusammenfassende darstellung.Heinrich Kleinert - 1923 - Bern und Leipzig,: E. Bircher.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- La teoria de la relatividad y su importancia con respecto al progreso del espiritu humano puesto al alcance de todas las inteligencias.Alfredo Wulf - 1924 - Tacubaya, D.F. Mexico,: Imprenta de la Direccion de estudios geograficos y climatologicos.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Hyperspace, métapsychique, relativité.Albert Vilar - 1925 - Paris,: Jouve et cie.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Les erreurs philosophiques de M. Einstein.Gabriel Joly - 1925 - Paris,: "Éditions Spes".Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- The well posed problem.Edwin T. Jaynes - 1973 - Foundations of Physics 4 (3):477–92.
- The ambiguity of random choices: Probability paradoxes in some physical processes.Lorenzo Basano & Pasquale Ottonello - 1996 - American Journal of Physics 64 (1):34-39.The ambiguity of random choices: Probability paradoxes in some physical processes.
- Mileva — a Dialogue About General Relativity as Regional.Johan Gamper - manuscriptIn this dialogue, Mileva and Albert start to talk about physics and its subject matter, the physical. They end up in a situation that permits causal dependence between separate ontological domains. In this possible world, they continue talking. First, they Socratically agree that the physical is physical and only physical. Then, they call the physical an ontologically homogeneous domain. They then generalise the principle that the physical is causally unaffected by anything non-physical, into the principle that ontologically homogeneous domains do (...)
- Liṃkana Bārṇeṭa racita Biśva rahasye Āinashṭāina.Lincoln Barnett - 1957 - Ḍhākā: Mallika Brādārsa. Edited by EmaE Jabbāra.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Why the Global Phase is Not Real.Shan Gao - 2024 - Foundations of Physics 54 (2):1-6.In this paper, I present a new analysis of the meaning of the phase in quantum mechanics. First, I give a simple but rigorous proof that the global phase is not real in $$\psi$$ -ontic quantum theories. Next, I argue that a similar strategy cannot be used to prove the reality of the global phase due to the existence of the tails of the wave function. Finally, I argue that the relative phase is not a nonlocal property of two regions (...)
- Erroneous concepts of prominent scientists: C. F. Weizsäcker, J. A. Wheeler, S. Wolfram, S. Lloyd, J. Schmidhuber, and M. Vopson, resulting from misunderstanding of information and complexity.Mariusz Stanowski - 2024 - Journal of Information Science 1:9.The common use of Shannon’s information, specified for the needs of telecommunications, gives rise to many misunderstandings outside of this context. (e.g. in conceptions of such well-known theorists as C.F. Weizsäcker and J. A. Wheeler). This article shows that the terms of the general definition of information meet the structural information, and Shannon’s information is a special case of it. Similarly, complexity is misunderstood today as exemplified by the concepts of reputable computer scientists, such as S. Lloyd, S. Wolfram and (...)
Complex Systems
See also: Artificial Life, Emergence
- Complex Systems: From Biology to Computation.Paul-Michel Agapow (ed.) - 1993 - Ios Press.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Developing, representing and using theories of change for interventions in complex systems.Patricia Rogers - 2024 - In Andrew Koleros, Marie-Hélène Adrien & Tony Tyrrell (eds.), Theories of change in reality: strengths, limitations and future directions. New York, NY: Routledge.
Nonlinear Dynamics
- Laying the Foundations for a Theory of Consciousness: The Significance of Critical Brain Dynamics for the Formation of Conscious States.Joachim Keppler - 2024 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 18:1379191.Empirical evidence indicates that conscious states, distinguished by the presence of phenomenal qualities, are closely linked to synchronized neural activity patterns whose dynamical characteristics can be attributed to self-organized criticality and phase transitions. These findings imply that insight into the mechanism by which the brain controls phase transitions will provide a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanism by which the brain manages to transcend the threshold of consciousness. This article aims to show that the initiation of phase transitions and the (...)
Systems Theory
- Exploring the Methodological Foundation of A Systemic Approach in Grey Systems Theory.Rafał Mierzwiak - forthcoming - Foundations of Science:1-17.The article focusses on grey system theory and its methodological foundations. Key topics include: axiomatisation of the concept of grey, comparison of grey systems theory with fuzzy logic and probabilistic approaches, and methodological development of the systems approach in grey data modelling. The article discusses in detail the challenges of defining grey space, grey functions, and their applications in solving the methodological problems of grey systems theory. The differences between grey systems theory and other analytical methodologies are highlighted, paying attention (...)
- Structural Violence.Elena Ruíz - 2024 - Oxford University Press.Enduring social inequalities in settler colonial societies are not an accident. They are produced and maintained by the self-repairing structural features and dynastic character of systemic racism and its intersecting oppressions. Using methods from diverse anticolonial liberation movements and systems theory, Structural Violence theorizes the existence of adaptive and self-replicating historical formations that underwrite cultures of violence in settler colonial societies. Corresponding epistemic forces tied to profit and wealth accumulation for beneficiary groups often go untracked. The account offered here argues (...)
Philosophy of Chemistry
See also: Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Clashing perspectives: Kantian epistemology and quantum chemistry theory.Ricardo Vivas-Reyes - forthcoming - Foundations of Chemistry:1-10.In this contribution, the role of epistemology in understanding quantum chemistry is discussed. Quantum chemistry is the study of the behavior of atoms and molecules using the principles of quantum mechanics. Epistemology helps us evaluate claims to knowledge, distinguish between justified and unjustified beliefs, and assess the reliability of scientific methods. In quantum chemistry, the epistemology of knowledge is heavily influenced by the mathematical nature of quantum mechanics, and models can be tested, proven, and validated through experimentation. This paper also (...)
- Deciphering the physical meaning of Gibbs’s maximum work equation.Robert T. Hanlon - forthcoming - Foundations of Chemistry:1-11.J. Willard Gibbs derived the following equation to quantify the maximum work possible for a chemical reaction$${\text{Maximum work }} = \, - \Delta {\text{G}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} = \, - \left( {\Delta {\text{H}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} {-}{\text{ T}}\Delta {\text{S}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} } \right) {\text{ constant T}},{\text{P}}$$ Maximum work = - Δ G rxn = - Δ H rxn - T Δ S rxn constant T, P ∆Hrxn is the enthalpy change of reaction as measured in a reaction calorimeter and ∆Grxn the change in Gibbs energy as measured, if (...)
- Connecting De Donder’s equation with the differential changes of thermodynamic potentials: understanding thermodynamic potentials.Mihalj Poša - forthcoming - Foundations of Chemistry:1-16.The new mathematical connection of De Donder’s differential entropy production with the differential changes of thermodynamic potentials (Helmholtz free energy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy) was obtained through the linear sequence of equations (direct, straightforward path), in which we use rigorous thermodynamic definitions of the partial molar thermodynamic properties. This new connection uses a global approach to the problem of reversibility and irreversibility, which is vital to global learners’ view and standardizes the linking procedure for thermodynamic potentials (Helmholtz free energy, (...)
- Hydrogen over helium: A philosophical position.René Vernon - forthcoming - Foundations of Chemistry:1-22.Hydrogen is troublesome in any periodic table classification. This being so it may as well be placed in a position that confers desirable attributes to the arrangement of the elements, while notionally recognising its lineage to the group 1 alkali metals and the group 17 halogens. Since the noble gases bridge the halogens and the alkali metals, and hydrogen encompasses the transition from the alkali metals to the halogens, there is more to the idea of hydrogen over helium. (Meyer 1870, (...)
- Interaction, interpretation and representation: the construction and dissemination of chemical knowledge from a Peircean semiotics perspective.Karina Aparecida de Freitas Dias de Souza & Paulo Alves Porto - forthcoming - Foundations of Chemistry:1-19.This paper proposes a theoretical approach to discuss the relations among reality, chemists’ interactions with it, and the resulting interpretation and representation of the acquired scientific knowledge. Taking into account that such relations are of semiotic nature, this paper aims at discussing in the light of Peirce’s theory of signs different descriptions of chemical activity and chemical education proposed by Alex Johnstone and elaborated by other science educators. In order to discuss the contributions and limitations of the proposed theoretical framework, (...)
- Ethics of the future of chemical sciences.José Antonio Chamizo & Gustavo Ortiz-Millán - forthcoming - Foundations of Chemistry:1-11.The 2016 Royal Society of Chemistry’s report Future of the Chemical Sciences presents four different scenarios for the future of chemistry: chemistry saves the world; push-button chemistry; a world without chemists; and free market chemistry. In this paper we ethically assess them. If chemistry is to solve many of the greatest challenges facing the contemporary world, prioritization of research topics will need to be done explicitly on the basis of moral values, such as solidarity and equity, but also environmental justice, (...)
- A Commentary on Robin Hendry’s Views on Molecular Structure, Emergence and Chemical Bonding.Eric Scerri - 2023 - In João L. Cordovil, Gil Santos & Davide Vecchi (eds.), New Mechanism Explanation, Emergence and Reduction. Springer. pp. 161 - 177.In this article I examine several related views expressed by Robin Hendry concerning molecular structure, emergence and chemical bonding. There is a long-standing problem in the philosophy of chemistry arising from the fact that molecular structure cannot be strictly derived from quantum mechanics. Two or more compounds which share a molecular formula, but which differ with respect to their structures, have identical Hamiltonian operators within the quantum mechanical formalism. As a consequence, the properties of all such isomers yield precisely the (...)
- Introducing UV–visible spectroscopy at high school level following the historical evolution of spectroscopic instruments: a proposal for chemistry teachers.Maria Antonietta Carpentieri & Valentina Domenici - forthcoming - Foundations of Chemistry:1-25.Spectroscopy is a scientific topic at the interface between Chemistry and Physics, which is taught at high school level in relation with its fundamental applications in Analytical Chemistry. In the first part of the paper, the topic of spectroscopy is analyzed having in mind the well-known Johnstone’s triangle of chemistry education, putting in evidence the way spectroscopy is usually taught at the three levels of chemical knowledge: macroscopic/phenomenological, sub-microscopic/molecular and symbolic ones. Among these three levels, following Johnstone’s recommendations the macroscopic (...)
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