On Kaplan’s Criticism of Frege’s Theory of Sense

Journal of Korean Philosophical Society 168:247-266 (2023)
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Abstract

카플란은 고유 이름과 지표사 같은 단칭어들을 분석하면서 프레게의 뜻 이론이 한계를 갖는다고 비판하였다. 그러나 필자는 두 가지 점에서 프레게가 카플란의 비판을 피할 수 있다고 주장한다. 먼저 카플란은 단칭어들이 대상을 직접 지시한다고 주장할 뿐, 프레게가 정보를 제공하는 동일성 진술을 설명할 목적으로 뜻 이론을 도입한 이유는 무시한다. 카플란은 또한 독창적인 지표사 분석을 통해 프레게식의 뜻 이론이 지표사를 포함하는 문장을 취급할 수 없다고 주장하지만, 필자는 프레게의 뜻 이론과 필자가 제안한 확장된 맥락의 원리에 의해 지표사를 포함하는 문장을 취급할 수 있다고 주장한다. 이를 보이기 위해 먼저 프레게의 뜻 이론과 이 이론을 기반으로 하는 가능 세계 의미론을 살핀 다음 프레게에 대한 카플란의 비판이 어떤 형태로 진행되는지 구체적으로 살펴보겠다. Kaplan criticized Frege’s theory of sense as having limitations while analyzing singular terms such as proper names and indexicals. However, I argue that Frege can avoid Kaplan’s criticism in two ways. First, Kaplan only claims that singular words refer directly to objects, but ignores the reason why Frege introduced the theory of meaning for the purpose of explaining informative identity statements. Kaplan also argues, through an original analysis of indexicals, that Frege’s theory of meaning cannot handle sentences containing indexicals. I argue that Frege’s own theory of meaning and the expended principle of context proposed in this paper can handle sentences containing indexicals. To show this, we will first look at Frege’s theory of meaning and possible world semantics based on this theory, and then look specifically at the form in which Kaplan’s criticism of Frege progresses.

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