While there is much research about the extreme gentrification currently occurring in most major cities around the United States, the economic impacts of food gentrification remain unstudied. Understanding how profits are lost by people of color in the restaurant industry helps to realize how food, restaurants, and grocery stores play a larger role in accelerating or even triggering gentrification in neighborhoods. This paper explores the cultural and economic impacts of food gentrification in Portland using data collection and data analysis. This (...) data shows the quantitative impacts of gentrification in the food industry and how it contributes to the displacement of communities of color in Portland. (shrink)

Growing evidence suggests mothers invest more in girls than boys and fathers more in boys than girls. We develop a hypothesis that predicts preference for girls by the parent facing more resource constraints and preference for boys by the parent facing less constraint. We test the hypothesis with panel data from the Tsimane’, a foraging-farming society in the Bolivian Amazon. Tsimane’ mothers face more resource constraints than fathers. As predicted, mother’s wealth protected girl’s BMI, but father’s wealth had weak effects (...) on boy’s BMI. Numerous tests yielded robust results, including those that controlled for fixed effects of child and household. (shrink)