Structures et généralité en théorie combinatoire : les mathématiques et les lettres

Les Etudes Philosophiques 97 (2):215 (2011)
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Abstract

Intervertir a et b, c’est mettre b à la place de a et a à la place de b. Dans le cas où a occupait la première place et b la deuxième, c’est mettre b à la première place et a à la deuxième. Dans le cas où, de plus, a est le chiffre ‘1’ et b le chiffre ‘2’, c’est mettre 2 à la place n˚ 1 et 1 à la place n˚ 2. La théorie des substitutions combine ainsi naturellement chiffres et numéros de place. Cet article montre que la confusion de ces deux éléments constitue un cas exemplaire de mécompréhension en mathématiques. Positivement, reconnaître à leur juste valeur toutes les numérotations ou paramétrisations qui interviennent en mathématiques, c’est reconnaître que les mathématiques ont rarement affaire à des structures sans l’intermédiaire essentiel de repères permettant de « fixer les idées ». L’article montre en particulier qu’une description structuraliste satisfaisante de l’objectivité mathématique ne peut faire l’économie de tels repères.To swap a and b is to put b in a’s place and a in b’s place. In case a was at the first place and b at the second, it is to put b at the first place and a at the second. In case, moreover, a is the numeral ‘1’ and b is the numeral ‘2’, it is to put 2 at the place no. 1 and 1 at the place no. 2. Substitution theory is thus led to combine numerals and numbers. This paper shows that many cases of misunderstanding in mathematics can be compared to a confusion between numerals and numbers. On a positive side, it shows how important are all the numberings or parametrizations that turn out to be pervasive throughout mathematics, as devices to « set ideas ». A mathematical structure cannot in general be reached without the medium of such points of reference. The paper shows in particular that any consistent structuralist explanation of mathematical objectivity cannot be sustained without giving them full attention

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Criteria of identity and structuralist ontology.Hannes Leitgib & James Ladyman - 2008 - Philosophia Mathematica 16 (3):388-396.
The Identity Problem for Realist Structuralism.J. Keranen - 2001 - Philosophia Mathematica 9 (3):308--330.

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