Resumo: O presente artigo sistematiza informações sobre a implementação do Programa Jovem de Futuro, PJF, na rede estadual de ensino no Pará, considerando suas implicações para o Direito Humano à Educação, DHE, de acordo com o proposto no Pacto Internacional sobre os Direitos Econômicos, Sociais e Culturais- PIDESC, que demarca quatro indicadores da ação estatal para a asseguramento do direito à Educação. São eles: Disponibilidade, Acessibilidade, Aceitabilidade, Adaptabilidade e, ainda, Controle Social incorporado na matriz de pesquisa. Em diálogo com tais (...) indicadores, coletamos informações em páginas oficiais da Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Pará e do ator privado responsável pela implementação do Programa, o Instituto Unibanco. Procedemos análise de documentos oficiais localizados nas referidas páginas, além de consultar a produção nacional sobre o PJF, com ênfase à sua consolidação no estado do Pará, no período de 2011-2018. A pesquisa de tipo qualitativa, apoiada em revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e coleta de dados de fontes primárias e secundárias, possibilitou a constatação de forte influência do setor privado na educação pública paraense, que direcionou a adoção de modelos de gestão empresarial para a obtenção de melhores resultados educacionais, com controle e monitoramento em todas as etapas do PJF, com sérias consequências ao DHE. Palavras-chave: Direito Humano à Educação; Jovem de Futuro; Instituto Unibanco; Privatização. The Jovem de Futuro program in Pará and the implications for the Human Right to Education – DHE Abstract: The article systematizes information about the implementation of the The Youth with a Future Program - PJF in the state education in Pará, considering its implications for the Human Right to Education - DHE, in accordance with what is proposed in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - ICESCR, which outlines four indicators of state action to ensure the right to education. They are: Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, Adaptability and accountability incorporated in the research matrix. Related with these indicators, we collected information on official pages of the Pará State Department of Education and on the private actor responsible for implementing the Program, Instituto Unibanco. We proceeded to the analysis of official documents located on the referred pages, in addition to consulting the national academic production on the PJF, with emphasis on its consolidation in the state of Pará, in the period 2011-2018. Qualitative research, supported by a bibliographic review, document analysis and data collection from primary and secondary sources, made it possible to verify the strong influence of the private sector on public education in Pará, which led to the adoption of business management models to obtain better results. educational institutions, with control and monitoring at all stages of the PJF, with serious consequences for the DHE. Key-words: Human Right to Education; Future Youth; Unibanco Institute; Privatization. Programa Joven del Futuro en Pará y sus implicaciones al Derecho Humano a la Educación – DHE Resumen: La presente investigación sistematiza informaciones sobre la implementación del Programa Joven del Futuro – PJF en la red estatal de enseñanza de Pará, considerando sus implicaciones al Derecho Humano a la Educación – DHE, de acuerdo con lo propuesto en el Pacto Internacional sobre los Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales – PIDESC, que demarca cuatro indicadores de acción estatal para el aseguramiento del derecho a la Educación. Son ellos: Disponibilidad, Accesibilidad, Aceptabilidad, Adaptabilidad y, aún, Control Social incorporado en la matriz de investigación. En diálogo con tales indicadores, reunimos informaciones en páginas web oficiales de la Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Pará y del actor privado responsable por la implementación del Programa, el Instituto Unibanco. Procedemos el análisis de documentos oficiales localizados en las referidas páginas, así como consultamos la producción nacional sobre el PJF, con énfasis a las consolidaciones en Pará, en el período de 2011 hasta 2018. La investigación de tipo cualitativa, apoyada en revisiones bibliográficas, análisis documentales y recopilación de datos de fuentes primarias y secundarias, posibilitó la constatación de fuerte influencia del sector privado en la educación pública paraense, que direccionó la adopción de modelos de gestión empresarial para la obtención mejores resultados educacionales, con control y monitoreo en todas las etapas del PJF, con serias consecuencias al DHE. Palabras-clave: Derecho Humano a la Educación; Joven del Futuro; Instituto Unibanco; Privatización. Data de registro: 02/05/2022Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

Neste artigo, analisamos algumas das peculiaridades da leitura que Agamben faz de Nietzsche, isto é, o uso que faz das ideias do pensador alemão para constituir a sua própria filosofia política. Assim, refletimos acerca do tensionamento e da polifonia entre a vontade de potência em sua configuração fisiopsicológica, e a grande política a partir da transvaloração dos valores. Indicamos essa tensão e polifonia tendo em vista o outro tipo de potência ao qual Agamben se inscreve, a aristotélica, para pensarmos sobre (...) as aberturas políticas que se descortinam a partir da crítica nietzschiana à política e à democracia liberal. Convém atentar ao argumento de Piazzesi de que a vontade de potência sintetiza os âmbitos mecanicista e valorativo que, em relação agonística, explicam a vontade de potência. O projeto Homo sacer começa e termina com uma crítica à biopolítica que Agamben compreende como sendo aquela nietzschiana. Esse é um tensionamento entre a concretização da transvaloração dos valores como possibilidade de superar o niilismo e criar o lastro para a grande política, pois insere no campo da fisiologia uma questão política, do paradigma da autonomia.Nietzsche e Agamben, com suas concepções divergentes de potência, apontam as possibilidades da política e os limites da democracia liberal. (shrink)

O nexo entre biopolítica e soberania é de importância central em Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben, que possuem um entendimento distinto, porém complementar de tais conceitos. A relação entre essas ideias à luz dos 50 anos de publicação de A sociedade punitiva é abordada em alguns de seus pontos de contato, distanciamento e complementaridade. As interações entre poder soberano e vida humana apontam para um olhar crítico necessário sobre como os governos capturaram a vida como recurso administrável mas, também, passível (...) de inclusão e exclusão através do poder soberano, na figura do homo sacer. Palavras-Chave: Foucault. Agamben. Biopolítica. Soberania. Sociedade Punitiva. (shrink)

Moral asepsis in education Abstract: The purpose of this article is to question the alleged dissociation between ethics and morals and its consequences for the education, from a hermeneutic perspective. Starting from the hypothesis that theorizations and educational and pedagogical ramifications have been disregarding the discussions on morals and their normative, prescriptive and even pragmatic demands, for the adoption of a posture of permanent suspension, relativization and criticism, at theoretical and practical levels. Such a perspective, in educational contexts, would lead (...) to the abandonment and refusal of reasonable and minimally stable values, which are essential to the justification of the very reason for educating. Consequently, these writings have three key purposes: to understand the causes of the controversial, although necessary, dissociation between ethics and morals; to question the relationship between human becoming, its educational capacity and the moral subject; and to demonstrate the correspondence between ethics, morals and education. Keywords: Ethics; Moral; Education; Human Condition. De la asepsia moral en la educación Resumen: El presente artículo problematiza, a la luz de una perspectiva hermenéutica, el supuesto de la disociabilidad entre la ética y la moral y sus consecuencias para la educación. Parte de la hipótesis que las teorizaciones y desdoblamientos educativos y pedagógicos han pasado a través de los debates sobre la moral y sus demandas normativas, prescriptivas y hasta pragmáticas, en el nombre de la adopción, tanto a nivel teórico como práctico, una postura de permanente suspensión, relativización y crítica. En contextos educativos, tal perspectiva conduciría al abandono y rechazo de valores razonables y mínimamente estables, indispensables para la justificación de la propria razón para educar. Ante esto, estos escritos se orientan según tres propósitos fundamentales: comprender las causas de la controvertida, aunque necesaria, disociación entre ética y moral; problematizar la relación entre el devenir humano, su educabilidad y la cuestión moral; y demostrar la copertenencia entre ética, moral y educación. Palabras clave: Ética; Moral; Educación; Condición humana. Da assepsia moral na educação Resumo: O presente artigo problematiza, à luz de uma perspectiva hermenêutica, o suposto da dissociabilidade entre ética e moral e suas consequências para a educação. Parte da hipótese de que as teorizações e os desdobramentos educacionais e pedagógicos têm preterido as discussões sobre a moral e as suas demandas normativas, prescritivas e até pragmáticas, em nome da adoção, tanto em nível teórico quanto prático, de uma postura de permanente suspensão, relativização e crítica. Em contextos educativos, tal perspectiva estaria conduzindo ao abandono e à recusa de valores razoáveis e minimamente estáveis, indispensáveis à justificação da própria razão de educar. Diante disso, estes escritos orientam-se segundo três propósitos fundamentais: compreender as causas da controversa, apesar de necessária, dissociação entre ética e moral; problematizar a relação entre o devir humano, a sua educabilidade e a questão moral; e demonstrar a copertença entre ética, moral e educação. Palavras-chave: Ética; Moral; Educação; Condição Humana. Data de registro: 21/05/2020 Data de aceite: 29/09/2021. (shrink)

O tema da ética tem ganhado espaço em praticamente todos os campos e setores da nossa sociedade, sejam eles acadêmicos, educacionais, profissionais, empresariais, políticos e científicos. Contudo, as discussões em seu entorno têm se pulverizado numa variedade imensa de abordagens, pautadas em distintas e até mesmo contraditórias bases teóricas, perspectivas e interpretações. Diante disso, estes escritos objetivam distinguir, problematizar e relacionar as noções de moral, ética e deontologia no intuito de preservar tanto o sentido filosófico das proposições éticas quanto o (...) rigor argumentativo das discussões emergentes tanto de contextos teóricos não-filosóficos como e de situações vivenciais. (shrink)

The emphasis on duly in Kant's ethics is widely held to constitute a defect. Marcia W. Baron develops and assesses the criticism, which she sees as comprising two objections: that duty plays too large a role, leaving no room for the supererogatory, and that Kant places too much value on acting from duty. Clearly written and cogently argued, Kantian Ethics Almost without Apology takes on the most philosophically intriguing objections to Kant's ethics and subjects them to a rigorous yet sympathetic (...) assessment. (shrink)

When successful and ethical managers are alerted to possible organizational wrongdoing, they take corrective action before the problems become crises. However, recent research [e.g., Rynes et al. (2007, Academy of Management Journal50(5), 987–1008)] indicates that many organizations fail to implement evidence-based practices (i.e., practices that are consistent with research findings), in many aspects of human resource management. In this paper, we draw from years of research on whistle-blowing by social scientists and legal scholars and offer concrete suggestions to managers who (...) are interested in encouraging internal reporting of problems requiring attention, and to observers of questionable activity who are considering reporting it. We also identify ways that research suggests policy-makers can have a more positive influence. We hope that these suggestions will help foster evidence-based practice regarding whistle-blowing. (shrink)

Pretende-se discutir a produção da história especializada, da história midiatizada e da história ensinada na interlocução com a matriz disciplinar de Jörn Rüsen. Defende-se que deve haver a fundamentação científica também na construção do conhecimento histórico escolar, para que o senso comum se torne senso crítico. Contrapõe-se aos revisionismos que negam, silenciam, deturpam a história considerada “sobrecarregada” em relação aos indígenas, ao escravismo e à Ditadura Civil-Militar brasileira. Toma como exemplo de história midiática/pública os Guias Politicamente Incorretos, principalmente da História (...) do Brasil, escrito por Leandro Narloch. Conclui que apenas a história construída com base científica pode refletir sobre o presente vivido para interpretar o passado com vistas ao futuro transformado no sentido de afirmar uma sociedade democrática. (shrink)

Este artículo hace una reflexión inspirada en las singularidades y aportes de las praxis feministas latinoamericanas para una filosofía situada a partir de las ruralidades en el marco de las discusiones presentes en el VIII Congreso Sobre Pensamiento Filosófico Contemporáneo: Filosofía y Ruralidades. Buscará poner luz en las potencias político-epistémicas de feminismos que germinan en las ruralidades (de forma plural y en su diversidad) en base a la reelaboración de aspectos no abordados en trabajos de investigación anteriores realizados por la (...) autora y parte de los resultados obtenidos en la investigación colectiva «Emergencias ecofeministas: un estudio desde las praxis de colectivos de mujeres latino-americanas y caribeñas», realizada en 2021 en el ámbito de la convocatoria de becas de investigación «Feminismo y Ambiente: Un campo emergente en los estudios feministas de América Latina y el Caribe» (CLACSO-ONU). (shrink)

American doctors in the 1990s are being asked to serve as "double agents," weighing competing allegiances to patients' medical needs against the monetary costs to society. This situation is a reaction to rapid cost increases for medical services, themselves the result of the haphazard development since the 1920s of an inherently inflationary, open-ended system for funding and delivering health care. The answer to an inefficient system, however, is not to stint on care, but rather to restructure the system to remove (...) the inflationary pressures. As long as we are spending enormous resources on an inherently inefficient and inflationary system we cannot justify asking doctors to withhold beneficial care to save money for third-party payers. Doing so serves a largely political agenda and endangers the patient-centered ethic that is central to medicine. (shrink)

Gideon Rosen (2014) has drawn our attention to cases of duress of a particularly interesting sort: the person's ‘mind is not flooded with pain or fear’, she knows exactly what she is doing, and she makes a clear-headed choice to act in, as Rosen says, ‘awful ways’. The explanation of why we excuse such actions cannot be that the action was not voluntary. In addition, although some duress cases could also be viewed as necessity cases and thus as justified, Rosen (...) wisely sets aside that complicating factor by zeroing in on those cases where the action clearly is not justified. So why do we excuse in these cases, where the action is not justified and the agent acted voluntarily?Rosen thinks the key lies in the ‘ill will’ condition, ‘the idea that an act is blameworthy only if it manifests insufficient concern or regard for those affected’. He says this is relatively uncontroversial; much of my paper is taken up with calling the ‘ill will’ condition into question. I also take issue with Rosen on just how justifications and excuses differ. I argue in favour of understanding justifications (in a context where we are asking how justifications and excuses differ) as not requiring truth, but only reasonable belief. (shrink)

Anniversaries and funding crises prompt periodic calls to reevaluate the mission and public perceptions of the U.S. Land-Grant University system. One such call was issued by the Kellogg Commission on the Future of State Colleges and Land Grant Universities in their 1999 report, “Returning to Our Roots: the Engaged Institution.” Written by leaders of state universities and land-grant colleges, this report urges these institutions to engage more authentically and equitably in two-way relationships with their local constituents. Twenty years later, Land-Grant (...) Universities continue to struggle with building widespread public support for their missions and equitable involvement in research, teaching, and extension functions across diverse constituencies. While largely discounted by the Kellogg Commission, a fresh look at the role originally envisioned for the extension arm of the trifold land-grant mandate suggests that we may be conceiving of this system too narrowly. The establishment of statewide extension systems was once seen as a way to ensure that Land-Grant Universities would be accessible and responsive to all of a state’s residents. Extension systems continue to offer a front-door to a major public university in almost every county of the United States, but they tend to be viewed primarily as a way to translate science or distribute information from the university to the public. This discussion uses a historical and modern lens to reimagine the role that Extension could potentially play in catalyzing reciprocal, co-learning relationships between Land-Grant Universities and their diverse local constituencies. (shrink)

During the past decade ethical theory has been in a lively state of development, and three basic approaches to ethics - Kantian ethics, consequentialism, and virtue ethics - have assumed positions of particular prominence.

This book is a philosophical reflection on the experience of time from within exile. Its focus on temporality is unique, as most literature on exile focuses on the experience of space, as exile involves dislocation, and moods of nostalgia and utopia. Marcia Sá Cavalcante Schuback proposes that in exile, time is experienced neither as longing back to the lost past nor as wanting a future to come but rather as a present without anchors or supports. She articulates this present as (...) a "gerundive" mode, in which the one who is in exile discovers herself simply being, exposed to the uncanny experience of having lost the past and not having a future. To explore this, she establishes a conversation among three authors whose work has exemplified this sense of gerundive time: the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, the French writer and essayist Maurice Blanchot, and the Brazilian writer Clarice Lispector. The book does not aim to discuss how these authors understand the relation between time and exile, but presents a conversation with them in relation to this question that reflects new aspects in their work. Attempting to think and express this difficult sense of time from within exile, Time in Exile engages with the relation between thought and language, and between philosophy and literature. Departing from concrete existential questions, Sá Cavalcante Schuback reveals new philosophical and theoretical modes to understand what it means to be present in times of exile. (shrink)

This book is a philosophical reflection on the experience of time from within exile. Its focus on temporality is unique, as most literature on exile focuses on the experience of space, as exile involves dislocation, and moods of nostalgia and utopia. Marcia Sá Cavalcante Schuback proposes that in exile, time is experienced neither as longing back to the lost past nor as wanting a future to come but rather as a present without anchors or supports. She articulates this present as (...) a "gerundive" mode, in which the one who is in exile discovers herself simply being, exposed to the uncanny experience of having lost the past and not having a future. To investigate this, the book establishes a conversation among three authors whose work has exemplified this sense of gerundive time: the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, the French writer and essayist Maurice Blanchot, and the Brazilian writer Clarice Lispector. The book does not aim to discuss how these authors understand the relation between time and exile but enters in conversation with them in relation to this question. Attempting to think and express this difficult sense of time from within exile, the book engages with the relation between thought and language, and between philosophy and literature. Departing from concrete existential questions, it opens new philosophical and theoretical modes through which to understand what it means to be present in times of exile. (shrink)

Roche, Marcia Sectarianism has been defined as 'adherence or excessive devotion to a particular religious denomination or sect'.1 However, as Kildea notes, dictionary definitions of the term fail to square with its 'distinctive' meaning in the Australian context.2A more accurate representation of the Australian connotation is conveyed by Hogan, who says that it refers to 'the hostility between different churches or "sects" which has manifested itself in the wider arena of social and political conflict'.3 The social, political and economic discrimination (...) and exclusion that has existed in Australia between Catholics and Protestants was most intense from the beginning of European settlement until the 1960s, when the Catholic Church's endorsement of ecumenism offered a means of positive engagement with members of other Christian denominations. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta a pesquisa como princípio formativo e destaca a sua relevância para a dimensão do conhecimento e da aprendizagem, trazendo evidências que ela é o modo humano de conhecer e compreender. Objetiva-se chamar a atenção para diferentes dimensões formativas da pesquisa e que, em certo sentido, podem ser situadas como pressupostas ou anteriores a quaisquer modalidades, métodos, tipos ou estratégias de sua realização específica. Nessa direção, a pesquisa pode ser compreendida, em termos gerais, como constituidora do modo de (...) ser humano e, em termos específicos, do modo de ser estudantil e, também, docente. Para tanto, argumenta-se que a linguagem é um traço distintivo dos humanos que lhes permite simbolizar, interpretar, compreender e transformar; tais aspectos permitem dizer que a constituição do mundo humano é uma autocriação. Por fim, destaca-se a pesquisa como esforço em compreender as situações práticas mediante o recurso a categorias teóricas e/ou interpretativas e como uma atividade humana de fundamental importância e que tem nas instituições educativas um lugar privilegiado para a sua otimização, na medida em que inter-relaciona o ensino, a pesquisa e a experiência prática da vida. (shrink)

Justifications and excuses are defenses that exculpate. They are therefore much more like each other than like such defenses as diplomatic immunity, which does not exculpate. But they exculpate in different ways, and it has proven difficult to agree on just what that difference consists in. In this paper I take a step back from justification and excuse as concepts in criminal law, and look at the concepts as they arise in everyday life. To keep the task manageable, I focus (...) primarily on excuses and excusing activities, distinguishing them from justifications as well as from other close relatives, in particular, forgiving and pardoning. I draw upon J.L. Austin’s classic A Plea for Excuses, but expand on his account, suggesting that we offer excuses for reasons besides those he mentions. My hope is that my examination of excuses and excusing activities will help us rethink our views on just how justifications and excuses differ, views which often are worked out without much attention to how these concepts function in everyday life and to the connection between offers of excuses and justifications and the rules of civility. (shrink)

Uma investigação sobre o risível, a manipulação da imagem e o esteticamente correto. DA autora de Como conversar com o fascista. As cenas ridículas – e os personagens já muito conhecidos – traduzem o sentido da política em nossos dias, mas não apenas como uma bagunça feita por pessoas despreparadas para os cargos que ocupam. A Deturpação serve a uma nova política, em um sentido altamente problemático: o poder é transformado em violência, e a seriedade de certos assuntos dá lugar (...) ao cinismo. ABusadores do poder seguem sempre mais poderosos como engraçadinhos ou bufões inofensivos, muitas vezes até confiáveis, enquanto a população paga preço altíssimo por uma despolitização apresentada como o melhor dos mundos. SOltos em escala social, o fascismo, o machismo e o racismo dão o ritmo e o tom da política em nossos dias sem que pareça que algo possa ser feito. Ao introduzir a noção de “ridículo político” no debate sobre estética e política, os ensaios deste livro são uma contribuição original – e fundamental – de Marcia Tiburi para que pensemos sobre quão grave é o hábito de não tratar com seriedade as coisas políticas. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende analisar a impossibilidade do conhecimento do infinito e, conseqüentemente, a impossibilidade do conhecimento de Deus na filosofia hobbesiana. Ao contrário de Descartes, que prova a existência de Deus pelos efeitos, na assim chamada prova ontológica, Hobbes não admite qualquer prova da existência de Deus, além de recusar-se a atribuir-lhe qualquer funcão política ou epistemológica. Deste modo, Deus será objeto de crença e não de ciência na filosofia hobbesiana.

1. Stoicism in classical Latin literature -- 2. Stoicism in Christian Latin thought through the sixth century.

Friends as well as foes of Kant have long been uneasy over his emphasis on duty, but lately the view that there is something morally repugnant about acting from duty seems to be gaining in popularity. More and more philosophers indicate their readiness to jettison duty and the moral 'ought' and to conceive of the perfectly moral person as someone who has all the right desires and acts accordingly without any notion that (s)he ought to act in this way. Elsewhere' (...) I have argued that such a picture of the perfectly moral person is flawed. In this paper I examine the claim that acting from duty is morally repugnant. There is some truth to this charge, but, I argue, the repugnance attaches not to acting from duty as such, but only to certain ways of acting from duty. In isolating the objectionable elements of acting from duty, I hope not only to vindicate the skeletal concept but also to offer illumination on the question of just how we should understand morally good conduct. (shrink)

In this article, we describe the social and economic changes that have contributed to contemporary problems of work—family conflict, gender inequality, and risks to children's healthy development. We draw on feminist welfare state scholarship to outline an institutional arrangement that would support an earner—carer society—a social arrangement in which women and men engage symmetrically in paid work and unpaid caregiving and where young children have ample time with their parents. We present a blueprint for work—family reconciliation policies in three areas—paid (...) family-leave provisions, working-time regulations, and early childhood education and care—and we identify key policy design principles. We describe and assess these work—family reconciliation policies as they operate in six European countries widely considered to be policy exemplars: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, and France. We close with an analysis of potential objections to these policies. (shrink)