In this paper, we shall give another proof of the faithfulness of Blass translation of the propositional fragment \ of Leśniewski’s ontology in the modal logic \ by means of Hintikka formula. And we extend the result to von Wright-type deontic logics, i.e., ten Smiley-Hanson systems of monadic deontic logic. As a result of observing the proofs we shall give general theorems on the faithfulness of B-translation with respect to normal modal logics complete to certain sets of well-known accessibility relations (...) with a restriction that transitivity and symmetry are not set at the same time. As an application of the theorems, for example, B-translation is faithful for the provability logic \ ), that is, \ \ \ \supset \Box \phi \). The faithfulness also holds for normal modal logics, e.g., \, \, \, \. We shall conclude this paper with the section of some open problems and conjectures. (shrink)

IntroductionDeep brain stimulation is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson’s disease with the targeting bilateral subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus. So far, detailed studies on the efficacy of unilateral STN-DBS for motor symptoms have been reported, but few studies have been conducted on unilateral GPi-DBS.Materials and MethodsSeventeen patients with Parkinson’s disease who underwent unilateral GPi-DBS were selected. We conducted comparison analyses between scores obtained 6–42 months pre- and postoperatively using the following measurement tools: the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s (...) Disease Rating Scale part III, the Hoehn and Yahr stage, the presence/absence of dyskinesia, Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, Geriatric Depression Scale, levodopa equivalent dose, and cerebral blood flow by single photon emission computed tomography. Patient backgrounds were compared between four cohorts with favorable and unfavorable postoperative outcome.ResultsSignificant improvement was observed postoperatively in the following: total MDS-UPDRS Part III scores during the off period, contralateral scores, ipsilateral scores, and axial scores. Similarly, the Hoehn and Yahr stages during the off period, and GDS also showed significant decrease. In contrast, LED, MMSE, and FAB remained unchanged while the number of patients who scored positive for dyskinesia decreased by 40%. Abnormal cerebral blood flow preoperatively seen in the cerebral cortex had normalized in the total score-based good responder cohort. In the ipsilateral score-based good responder cohort, cerebral blood flow increased in the contralateral frontal lobe including in the premotor cortex, contralateral to the DBS. Compared to the poor responders, postoperative good responders demonstrated significantly higher preoperative MMSE scores.DiscussionUnilateral GPi-DBS therapy was effective in improving contralateral, ipsilateral, and axial motor symptoms of patients with advanced PD; in particular, it was found to be especially beneficial in PwPD whose cognitive function was unimpaired; the treatment efficacy rivaled that of bilateral counterparts up till at least 6 months postoperatively. Finally, normalization of preoperative abnormalities in cerebral blood flow and increased cerebral blood flow in the contralateral frontal lobe indicated the beneficial potential of this therapy on ipsilateral motor symptoms. (shrink)

In this paper, we shall show that the following translation \(I^M\) from the propositional fragment \(\bf L_1\) of Leśniewski's ontology to modal logic \(\bf KTB\) is sound: for any formula \(\phi\) and \(\psi\) of \(\bf L_1\), it is defined as (M1) \(I^M(\phi \vee \psi) = I^M(\phi) \vee I^M(\psi)\), (M2) \(I^M(\neg \phi) = \neg I^M(\phi)\), (M3) \(I^M(\epsilon ab) = \Diamond p_a \supset p_a. \wedge. \Box p_a \supset \Box p_b.\wedge. \Diamond p_b \supset p_a\), where \(p_a\) and \(p_b\) are propositional variables corresponding to (...) the name variables \(a\) and \(b\), respectively. In the last, we shall give some comments including some open problems and my conjectures. (shrink)

揺れ動く国民国家の概念、秩序形成にともなう差別などの考察を通して、規範と価値原理のヴィジョンを描く。.

動物にとどまらず、あらゆる存在の解放をめざす包括的正義の理論へと至った批判的動物研究を初めて本格的に紹介。.

We prove that Flagg and Friedman's translation from epistemic to intuitionistic predicate logics is not faithful.

法は危機をこえてどう変容するのか!法的議論の分裂、立憲主義の錯綜、正統性のゆらぎ―法が危機にあるいま、従来の支配的見解を根本的に問い、オルタナティヴ理論を提示する。.

暴走する世界と迷走する日本への反時代的「檄」。実践と原理を結ぶ、40年間の知の行路、その「回顧的総括」と、「未来への提言」。.

巧緻を極めた完全犯罪の罠ともいうべき言葉の繭を破り「神」と「死」の謎に迫る、躍動感溢れる究極の探究報告。「いま」生きているこの現場の徹底究明。.

1-3. Ō Yōmei gakuha no bu -- 4-6. Kogakuha no bu -- 7-8. Shushi gakuha no bu -- 9. Setchū gakuha no bu -- l0. Dokuritsu gakuha no bu, tsuketari Rō-Sō gakuha.

関東大震災の三年後に始まった戦前昭和とは、審災復興=国家再建の歴史だった。社会主義、議会主義、農本主義、国家社会主義という四つの国家構想が、勃興しては次の構想に移っていく展開の過程として、戦前昭和を再 構成する。.

戦争の時代、東大で政治学を講じながら政治にもコミットした矢部。近衛文麿のブレーンとして何を画策し、どう動いたか。生涯から繙く.

Mutations in the daf-2 and age-1 genes cause constitutive dauer larva formation and double adult life span in C. elegans. Their effect on life span has excited considerable interest and their effect on dauer formation has facilitated rapid progress in their genetic and molecular analysis. Two recent papers12,13 report that daf-2 encodes a member of the insulin-receptor family and that age-1 encodes a PI3 kinase subunit, a second-messenger producing enzyme known to act downstream of the mammalian insulin receptor. These findings (...) provide the first mechanistic insight into the well-established link between metabolism and aging. BioEssays 20:113–115, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)