Firm managers play an important role in the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions. Education is emerging as the key factor in developing a sense of moral responsibility amongst the business students who will eventually become company managers and decision makers. The aim of this research is, thus, twofold. First, to analyze the existence of a direct positive correlation between university students’ perception of CSR and its impact on business performance; and second, to examine the extent to which two (...) factors (advantages brought by CSR and responsibilities toward stakeholders) act as mediation variables in the aforementioned correlation. The analysis was performed with a sample of 390 business‐related university students. Amongst the potential contributions made by this study we can highlight the possibility of knowing future managers’ way of thinking and of knowing the aspects where educational centers might improve their CSR teaching. (shrink)

Managers’ commitment to contribute to sustainable development holds the key to their long-term business success and may be a source of competitive advantage. The managerial perception of business ethics is influenced by the level of moral development and personal characteristics of managers. These perceptions are also shaped by forces existing in the environment of the firm, including available resources, societal expectations, sector, and regulations. The resource-based perspective can thus contribute to the analysis of ethical issues offering important insights on how (...) they can influence the environmental strategy of the firm. The findings of this study show that firm resources have a strong influence on business managers’ ethical attitudes. In addition, the application of resource-based rationales to ethical issues can be justified in the following several ways: it influences a managerial perception of natural environment as a competitive opportunity, it requires investments of financial and human resources, flexibility and speed in the adaptation to environmental changes, and it creates new resource-based opportunities through changes in prevention pollution technology, policy process, and market forces. (shrink)

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo propone un análisis de los Derechos Fundamentales de los pueblos indígenas a la luz de los principios internacionales de Libre Determinación y Consulta Previa, como fundantes y presupuestos de los demás Derechos Indígenas. En consecuencia, se analiza el Derecho a la Consulta, que debe ser previa, libre, informada, de buena fe, culturalmente adecuada y con el propósito de obtener el consentimiento; donde todas éstas características son el estándar mínimo a cumplir en cualquier proyecto de desarrollo o (...) extractivo que afecte a pueblos indígenas, por lo que debe explicarse también el extractivismo al interior de los estados-nación y su modus operandi, que ha provocado la existencia de zonas y regiones que algunos autores caracterizan como “estados de excepción” o estados de “de no-derecho”. El análisis propuesto contrasta las bases mencionadas con algunos casos llevados ante la jurisdicción del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, cuya última fase descansa en las sentencias de la Corte IDH.ABSTRACT: The present paper proposes an analysis of the Fundamental Rights of the indigenous peoples in the light of the international principles of Free Determination and Prior Consultation, as foundations and budgets of the other Indigenous Rights. Consequently, the Right to Consultation is analyzed, which must be prior, free, informed, in good faith, culturally appropriate and with the purpose of obtaining consent; where all these characteristics are the minimum standard to be met in any development or extractive project that affects indigenous peoples, so the extractivism within the nation-states and its modus operandi, which has caused the existence of zones and regions that some authors characterize as "states of exception" or "non-right" states. The proposed analysis contrasts the mentioned basis with some cases brought before the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Human Rights System, whose last phase rests on the judgments of the Inter-American Court.PALABRAS CLAVE: Libre determinación y consulta, Derechos Fundamentales, pueblos indígenas. KEYWORDS: Free determination and consultation, Fundamental Rights, indigenous peoples. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical model of judicial reasoning that satisfactorily integrates the partial explanations offered by three differ- ent theoretical research paradigms: Philosophy of Law, Legal Epistemology, and Artificial Intelligence and Law.The model emerges from the application of knowledge elicitation and knowledge representation methods. The model employs the theory of neural networks as a theoretical metaphor in order to generate its explanations and its visual representations.The epistemological status of the model is of a constructivist (...) stripe. It is in line with contemporary research tendencies within cognitive psychology that propose that judicial reasoning may be better understood if we assume a coherentist and a connectionist approach.Resumen:El objetivo de este ensayo es presentar un modelo teórico del razona- miento judicial que pueda integrar de manera satisfactoria las explicaciones parciales ofrecidas en tres distintos paradigmas de investigación teórica: la filosofía del derecho, la epistemología jurídica y la inteligencia artificial aplicada al derecho.Este modelo surge de la aplicación de algunos métodos de elicitación y representación del conocimiento. Y emplea la teoría de las redes neurales como una metáfora teórica a fin de generar sus propias explicaciones y representaciones visuales.El estatus epistemológico del modelo es de corte constructivista, y se encuentra en la línea de las tendencias de investigación contemporánea dentro de la psicología cognitiva, la cual plantea que el razonamiento judicial puede ser entendido de mejor manera si asumimos un enfoque coherentista y conexionista. (shrink)

La noción de interpretación desarrollada en el racionalismo crítico de Karl R. Popper muestra atributos específicos que la distinguen de modo sustancial de la interpretación constitutiva de la experiencia que tanto N. R. Hanson como Th. Kuhn defienden en sus respectivas propuestas. Se muestra que la interpretación del modelo popperiano queda atrapada en una epistemología de corte empirista que la separa de modo radical de toda hermenéutica filosófica. The notion of interpretation developed in the critical rationalism of Karl R. Popper (...) displays specific attributes that substantially distinguish it from the constituent interpretation of experience defended in both N. R. Hanson and T. Kuhn proposals. The article shows that the interpretation of Popper's model is trapped in an empiricist epistemology that radically separates it from all hermeneutic philosophy. (shrink)

A partir de los términos que indican “vivir de lo propio” y/o “casa alquilada” en Hch 28,16.30, el artículo se propone descubrir el valor que el autor les ha otorgado en el contexto de la conclusión de los Hechos y, particularmente, los sumarios de la estancia y predicación de Pablo en Roma. Para ello se analizará la imagen lucana de Pablo, como héroe victorioso y como mártir por la fe. Se comparará el fin de los Hechos, particularmente el sumario de (...) 28,30-31, con paralelos en la literatura judeohelenista de corte y en Josefo. Y se finalizará dando una explicación de la visión política de Lucas y la situación de su comunidad: la casa permanente de Pablo implica la esperanza de tener un espacio en la ecumene romana y de seguridad intraeclesial. (shrink)

Pour surmonter le terrorisme comme obstacle à l'hospitalité cosmopolitique, il convient de promouvoir une éthique de l'hospitalité, basée sur la compréhension de l'existence humaine individuelle comme "être-accueilli-et-accueillant". L'occupant autochtone ou national est le premier à bénéficier de l'hospitalité offerte par sa propre terre. Il ne peut lutter contre le terrorisme qu'en offrant à son tour cette même hospitalité, de sorte que la paix cosmopolitique est le partage de l'hospitalité reçue, celle qui vient de la terre-mère.

La quatrième de couverture indique : "Cet ouvrage est traversé par cette thèse : la place centrale de l'oralité oriente de manière décisive la conception et l'exercice de la souveraineté politique en Afrique contemporaine. Il examine l'imaginaire du pouvoir en Afrique, en interrogeant les rapports qui lient les peuples africains, inconsciemment, au souverain ou à l'autorité politique. Ces rapports sont fondés sur un accueil affectif de la parole des autorités, sans une prise en compte consciente de leur action, et une (...) évaluation des résultats de leur gouvernance politique. La primauté de l'oralité, l'oubli du droit positif et de la relativisation des textes rédigés (comme la constitution), sont une culture vivante en Afrique. Pour une bonne articulation gouvernance / politique, il est urgent de suggérer aux politiques en Afrique, l'émergence d'une "éthique de la constitution", de sorte que leurs discours soient la traduction orale du texte constitutionnel et leurs actions, le déploiement de la constitution, au bénéfice du bien-être individuel de chaque citoyen.". (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to explore the peculiar case of infectious logics, a group of systems obtained generalizing the semantic behavior characteristic of the -fragment of the logics of nonsense, such as the ones due to Bochvar and Halldén, among others. Here, we extend these logics with classical negations, and we furthermore show that some of these extended systems can be properly regarded as logics of formal inconsistency and logics of formal undeterminedness.

Estudio sobre Krause donde se ha incorporado abundante material inédito del archivo de este filósofo alemán, así como abundante información contenida en fuentes de díficil acceso desconocidas hasta ahora, proporcionando también una bibliografía bastante extensa.

This is the third volume of the new series Social, Political, & Legal Philosophy and it deals with the relationship between Law and The Philosophy of Action. In this volume a number of legal issues are illuminated by resource to the analysis of mental concepts. Issues in Criminal Law, Contract Law, Acceptance of Legal Systems, and the nature of Legal Norms are some of the main issues dealt in the papers that constitute the volume. Conceptual analysis is used and new (...) overtures are made into current findings in the Cognitive Sciences. All of this results in illuminating accounts that throw new light on traditional fundamental legal issues. This volume is a precursor in the powerful theorizing of the Cognitive Sciences that is being brought to bear in the Philosophy of Mind and in the theory of Law, and this theorizing will increase in the coming years. (shrink)

Papers in philosophy of law by some of the younger cutting-edge contributors to the field. Two sets of issues of crucial current importance are taken up. The first part deals with issues of meaning and objectivity in the metaphysics of law. The second part is about rights theory. This volume will be required reading for anyone interested in philosophy of law, and also of use for those with broader interests in ethics, metaethics, and social and political philosophy.

Dos conceptos centrales para comprender la obra de Enrique Dussel son los de totalidad y exterioridad. Ambos aparecen en toda la variedad temática de su obra: en trabajos de ética, de historia de la filosofía, de filosofía política, teología o de crítica económica. Este artículo se propone un recorrido por ambos conceptos teniendo en cuenta la presencia de una doble argumentación: una de corte filosófica y otra de raíz histórica. El objetivo es poner en evidencia cierto reenvío de uno (...) a otro plano de las argumentaciones filosófica e histórica que presenta ciertos atolladeros. Para ello, se expone primero la concepción filosófica de la totalidad y luego la necesidad de dar cuenta de su carácter estructurador: el llamado núcleo ético-mítico. Se exponen también los dos caminos ético-míticos generales que de facto tomaron las grandes civilizaciones, mostrando luego -ejemplificando con las relaciones entre cristianismo y Cristiandad- las relaciones complejas e inestables entre totalidades, la exterioridad, tanto en su dimensión metafísica como histórica, y el problema del fetichismo. Luego, introduciremos algunas consideraciones en torno a las ideas de différance y de dislocación ateniendo a su impacto en el pensamiento decolonial. A partir de allí, dada la ausencia de origen o centro trascendental, se matiza la idea de totalidad cerrada; se revisa la noción de núcleo ético-mítico en su carácter monolítico, unívoco y monovalente; y se complejiza la cuestión de la exterioridad -y su relación con la idea de víctima-poniendo en cuestión su carácter metafísico u originario. (shrink)

Ante la falta o disminución de la motivación de los alumnos universitarios la enseñanza, y con ello la Universidad se ve en la tesitura de poner en práctica nuevas metodologías más activas y motivantes que permitan a los alumnos tener un rol más protagonista en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje que el que han tenido hasta ahora.En el este artículo se expone una experiencia que consiste en el diseño de un escape room on line enmarcado en el Máster en (...) Educación Especial. Se plantea como objetivo motivar a los alumnos y facilitar el aprendizaje de la asignatura. (shrink)

Este ensaio busca dar continuidade e expandir o diálogo baseado no conceito de antropossemiose, como o estudo das ações dos signos conforme relacionado à nossa espécie, com atenção especial ao conceito de multimodalidade, ou a iniciativa pluralística que combina as vertentes de significações múltiplas ou medianas em uma análise ampla da iniciativa da semiose. Nas últimas décadas, a multimodalidade forneceu uma estrutura tão necessária para a análise da multiplicidade de modos, um conjunto de ferramentas multipropósito. Este ensaio buscará estruturar esses (...) processos pertencentes a um processo amplo, daquilo que pode ser percebido como semiose multidimensional. Por esta tipologia, as modalidades ou modos não são independentes do processo de significação para criar um todo, nem são processos independentes que interagem entre si, mas, em vez disso, são partes de um sistema simbiótico amplo de significação. (shrink)

It is well known that the formal system developed by Frege in Begriffsschrift is based upon the distinction between function and argument—as opposed to the traditional distinction between subject and predicate. Almost all of the modern commentaries on Frege's work suggest a semantic interpretation of this distinction, and identify it with the ontological structure of function and object, upon which Grundgesetze is based. Those commentaries agree that the system proposed by Frege in Begriffsschrift has some gaps, but it is taken (...) as an essentially correct formal system for second-order logic: the first one in the history of logic. However, there is strong textual evidence that such an interpretation should be rejected. This evidence shows that the nature of the distinction between function and argument is stated by Frege in a significantly different way: it applies only to expressions and not to entities. The formal system based on this distinction is tremendously flexible and is suitable for making explicit the logical structure of contents as well as of deductive chains. We put forward a new reconstruction of the function-argument scheme and the quantification theory in Begriffsschrift. After that, we discuss the usual semantic interpretation of Begriffsschrift and show its inconsistencies with a rigorous reading of the text. (shrink)

All projects take place within a context of uncertainty. That is especially noticeable in complex hydroelectric power generation projects, which are affected by factors such as the large number of multidisciplinary tasks to be performed in parallel, long execution times, or the risks inherent in various fields like geology, hydrology, and structural, electrical, and mechanical engineering, among others. Such factors often lead to cost overruns and delays in projects of this type. This paper analyzes the efficiency of the Earned Value (...) Management technique and its Earned Schedule extension, as means of forecasting costs and deadlines when applied to complex hydroelectric power production projects. It is worth noting that this analysis was based on simulation models applied to real-life projects. The results showed that cost forecasting becomes very accurate over time, whereas duration forecasting is not reliably accurate. (shrink)

Is brain structure related to function? Can one predict the other? These are questions that are still waiting to be answered definitively. In this paper we seek to investigate these questions, in particular, we are interested in the relation between brain structure and theory of mind. ToM is defined as the ability to attribute mental states to others. Previous studies have observed correlations between performance on ToM tasks, and gray-matter size/volume in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction and precuneus. Despite these (...) findings, there are concerns about false positive results and replicability issues. In this study we used two different tasks to evaluate ToM, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, and the Short Story Task. Performance in these tasks was correlated to brain anatomy measures including voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness analysis, from ninety-one neurotypical participants. High-resolution structural brain images were acquired, and whole-brain and region of interest analyses were implemented. The analyses did not show statistically significant associations between ToM performance and brain structural measures after correction. Significant associations between performance on ToM tests and a widespread array of regions loosely associated with ToM were observed only for whole brain uncorrected analysis. These results do not replicate a previous study with neurotypical participants. We tested two different ToM tests, two different softwares for VBM and CT, and we used two samples, one with 91 and a sub-sample with 69 participants. Neither of these conditions made a difference in the results obtained. Consequently, these results suggest that if the population is neurotypical and homogenous, it is unlikely that a reliable association between brain anatomy measures and ToM performance, as measured with these tasks, may be found. (shrink)

Some recent researches in experimental philosophy have posed a problem for philosophers’ appeal to intuition (hereinafter referred to as PAI); the aim of this paper is to offer an answer to this challenge. The thesis against PAI implies that, given some experimental results, intuition does not seem to be a reliable epistemic source, and —more importantly— given the actual state of knowledge about its operation, we do not have sufficient resources to mitigate its errors and thus establish its reliability. That (...) is why PAI is hopeless. Throughout this paper I will defend my own conception of PAI, which I have called the Deliberative Conception, and consequently, I will defend intersubjective agreement as a means to mitigate PAI errors, offering empirical evidence from recent studies on the Argumentative Theory of Reason that favor the conception I defend here. Finally, I will reply to some objections that might arise against the Deliberative Conception, which will lead me to discuss some metaphilosophical issues that are significantly relevant for the future of the dispute about the appeal to intuition. (shrink)

Filosofía de la historia, Juan Bautista Vico.--Consideraciones sobre el cristianismo.--Antecedentes para la inteligencia de la cuestión de Oriente.--Discurso acerca de las relaciones de España con otras potencias.--Discurso sobre la dictadura.--Cartas relacionadas con el discurso sobre la dictadura.--Discurso sobre la situación general de Europa.--Discurso sobre la situación de España.

Dreyfus examines the central ideas of Dharmakīrti, one of the most important Indian Buddhist philosophers, and their reception among Tibetan thinkers. During the golden age of ancient Indian civilization, Dharmakīrti articulated and defended Buddhist philosophical principles. He did so more systematically than anyone before his time (the seventh century CE) and was followed by a rich tradition of profound thinkers in India and Tibet. This work presents a detailed picture of this Buddhist tradition and its relevance to the history of (...) human ideas. Its perspective is mostly philosophical, but it also uses historical considerations as they relate to the evolution of ideas. (shrink)

Esta obra se abre con una introducción histórica, no heleno ni eurocéntrica, en la que se reinterpretan los sistemas éticos en la historia mundial, hasta situar la problemática en la Modernidad dentro del sistema-mundo como proceso de globalización que simultáneamente excluye a la mayoría de la humanidad. En la primera parte se aborda una crítica a las morales formales (Kant, Rawls, Apel, Habermas) desde un principio material o de contenido con pretensión de universalidad; el deber de producir, reproducir y desarrollar (...) la vida humana en comunidad. El principio de factibilidad ética, por su parte, permite que el cumplimiento del acto, institución o sistema de eticidad pueda tener la pretensión de bondad. En la segunda parte, desde la imposibilidad de que dicho acto, institución o sistema de eticidad «buenos» pueda tener pretensión de perfección acabada, se descubren los que «sufren» en su corporalidad vulnerable la imposibilidad de vivir, el hecho de ser excluidos. Se trata de las víctimas, al decir de Marx, Horkheimer, Benjamin, Nietzsche, Freud o Lévinas. Desde las víctimas comienza propiamente el discurso de la Ética de la Liberación, en su nivel negativo material (deben poder vivir), en el principio discursivo crítico (deben poder participar en la argumentación), todo lo cual culmina en el principio crítico negativo de la factibilidad: el principio-liberación que inspira las transformaciones con pretensión de justicia. (shrink)

Neuroética y Neuropolítica. Sugerencias para la educación moral.

ResumenLa tragedia griega sigue siendo un gran referente de reflexión filosófica. En este artículo nos centraremos en la figura de Eurípides, concretamente en el tema de los juicios morales que trasmiten sus obras trágicas. La cuestión es que si en Esquilo la razón triunfaba sobre el dilema trágico, en Eurípides no se ve claro ese triunfo si viene impuesto desde fuera y no ha arraigado en el corazón de los ciudadanos. La razón tiene muchas dificultades para ejercer su control sobre (...) la acción y orientarla hacia el bien común. Eurípides planteará que es la persona, su conciencia interior, la que debe de estar convencida de que algo le obligue moralmente. El paso de una moral pensada a una moral vivida.Palabras claveRazón, pasión, conciencia interior, obligación moral, moral pensada, moral vividaAbstractThe Greek tragedy is still an important reference for philosophical reflection. In this article we will focus on the figure of Euripides, specifically on the issue of moral judgments his tragic plays transmit. The issue is that if in Aeschylus reason prevailed over the tragic dilemma, in Euripides it is not clear if that triumph is imposed from outside and has not rooted in the heart of the citizens. Reason faces much difficulty to exercise its control over action and go for the common good. Euripides proposes that it is the person, their inner consciousness, which must be convinced that something should oblige them morally. It’s the passage from a thought morality to a lived morality.KeywordsReason, passion, inner consciousness, moral obligation, thought morality, lived morality. (shrink)

O trabalho, em sua íntegra, foi realizado tendo como entrevistado um jovem que se autodenomina gay e negro, oriundo do Rio de Janeiro, de classe social baixa, estudante de uma escola pública do ensino médio regular, situada em uma periferia de um município localizado no interior da Bahia. Na tessitura que segue, enfatizamos os marcadores sociais de gênero/sexualidade e raça/etnia. Esses marcadores apresentaram-se como desconforto para o sujeito entrevistado, visto que não atendem às caracterizações e práticas determinadas pela heteronormatividade. Assim, (...) constatamos que há um olhar hierarquizante e verticalizado envolvendo identidades outras assim como possibilidades de vivências afetivas e sexuais diferentes daquelas determinadas pelas normas sociais. Palavras-chave: gênero; marcadores étnicos; diversidade sexual; estudante. (shrink)