The paper reviews the basics of development and implementation of the debt policy of Ukraine, outlines its formation principles and establishes requirements to normative legal documents which specify administrative measures in the field of the public debt. The research conducted shows that the main normative legal documents which govern activities of state administration bodies responsible for the debt policy implementation are the State Budget and the Program for State Debt Management of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. An analysis of (...) the structure of the above documents and ensuing governmental regulations of Ukraine indicates that the national debt policy is not a separate link of the public financial administration, it is shaped subsequent to the results of managerial decisions in the field of monetary relations, changes in the taxation system, operation of the efficiency control system of national taxes, the government deficit level, impacts of foreign economic factors etc. It is proved that debt operations in Ukraine are becoming a factor of economic risk for the state budget whereas the debt budget itself is becoming a destabilization factor. The budgetary policy of Ukraine, which is primarily aimed at maximization of tax collection, results in distortion of the public finance system and aggravates the economic status of numerous industries. The public debt service expenses are however still increasing and require public borrowings which keep growing year by year. The author indicates that the most unsuccessful decisions of the national leadership, which brought about a higher public debt, are the issue of internal public bonds for capitalization of the Privatbank PJSC in 2017 and poor state control over quasi-fiscal operations which may result in default of national Compulsory Social Insurance Funds on their obligations, accumulation of debts on VAT refund, remission of dead tax debts, instalment payment and deferral of money liabilities or tax debts of taxpayers, attraction of sovereign credits by resident economic entities, debt restructuring of such entities with public guarantees, supply of natural gas to heat-and-power engineering companies for generation of thermal energy at preferential prices, accrued receivables of the National Joint-Stock Company 'Naftogaz Ukrainy' for sale of natural gas to the population and heat-and-power engineering companies. (shrink)

У статті розглядаються засади формування основних напрямів політики у сфері державного боргу, спрямованих на зменшення боргових ризиків у середньостроковій перспективі. Визначено вплив макроекономічних чинників на формування управлінських рішень у борговій сфері та проаналізовано наслідки заходів, що впроваджуються для підтримки банківського сектора в умовах глобальної економічної кризи. Сформовано прогнозну модель, за допомогою якої представлено оцінку змін політики у сфері державного боргу за різними сценаріями розвитку економіки України в середньостроковій перспективі.

In the context of the digital economy development, the priority component of the economic security of an enterprise is changing from material to digital, constituting an independent element of enterprise security. The relevance of the present research is driven by the need to solve the issue of modernizing the economic security of the enterprise taking into account the new risks and opportunities of digitalization. The purpose of the academic paper lies in identifying the features of preventing internal and external negative (...) influences (threats) in order to guarantee the effective and stable functioning and dynamic social development of the enterprise in the context of digitalization. The research methods are as follows: general scientific research methods, in particular, logical analysis, theoretical substantiation, methods of induction and deduction, formalization and generalization, statistical observation. Results. It has been proposed to introduce the concept of “digital security of the enterprise” for replacing the concept of “information component of economic security” in order to bring the terminology in line with new economic realities. The implementation of the “black box” model has made it possible to identify the latest risks and threats to the economic security of an enterprise within the conditions of the digitalization that differs from the existing ones. The assessment of enterprises’ digital security of the European Union member states has revealed that the digital security level does not depend on the size of the country, however, it is influenced by the institutional environment (in particular, digital development tools in the EU) and the size of enterprises. Also, within the research framework, an assessment of the digital security level of enterprises in the context of digitalization has been proposed. In order to characterize enterprises by the level of digital security, a calculation procedure using the coefficient method has been proposed. (shrink)

The article presents a research work in a context of highlighting the peculiarities of development of Ukrainian choral art. The research describes the main theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the essence of choral art and postmodernism as a basis for the formation of a new worldview, a new thinking, which is a sign of a challenge of modernity. The basic context of formation of choral art is researched. The results of the research form the main historical trends in a (...) development of choral art in the context of a basis of a human worldview and factors shaping an idea of worldview as a cultural manifestation of an era. In the research the tendencies are identified in postmodern influence on the development of a culture, in particular choral art. Postmodernism is defined by a worldview that has become a challenge to the social development in the post-industrial era. In postmodern period appear art movements of surrealism, abstractionism, impressionism, symbolism and other cultural and art movements, which are reflected in an unrealistic way, indicating new trends in a new society. We used analytical and research methods, a characteristic of music and game activities. Methods of a synthesis, an analysis and interpretation of choral art in a context of development of the Ukrainian culture were used for the research. The results of the research confirmed that in the conditions of postmodernism new tendencies of choral art are formed, which presents mental features in a context of information, a post-industrial society. (shrink)

Актуальность исследования в том, что анализируются существующие в культуре мифологемы и мифообразы, которые производят «естественный» для нас мир, одновременно устраняя из поля видения альтернативные возможности его устройства. Проблематизируя эту очевидность, осмысливая исключенные властью возможные значения, можно предвидеть последствия определенных дискурсивных концептов, при этом разрушая их идеологическую закрытость, «естественность» и самоочевидность предлагаемых конструкций. Постановка задания заключается в философском осмыслении специфики концептуализации материнства как сложного смыслового поля, которое определяется характером гендерных отношений. Предмет исследования - трансформации социальных форм и диспозитивов в философской проблематике (...) материнства, их репрезентация в дискурсах и нарративах современной философии и культуры. Анализ последних исследований и публикаций. Важными для нашего исследования являются работы Дж. Батлер, С. Раддик, Л. Иригарей, Э. Сиксу, Ю. Кристевой Ч. Лемерт, Е. Иеремия, П. Дейчер, Л. Николсон и др., которые определяют исследование материнства с точки зрения проблем идентичности/ субъективности, что является одним из основных теоретических направлений постмодерна. Исследователи гендера, учитывая постмодернистский импульс, склонны реконструировать женскую идентичность, биологию и «материальность», несмотря на «вечную тайну» эссенциального тела. (shrink)

Topicality is due to the fact that self-identity as the identity of the subject and the result of its self-determination now is explained with the two-sided ascent of human to freedom, when at first the subject realizes the need for self-disclosure of its own essence, the embodiment of human nature, and then it overcomes its dependence from its internal nature and the generation of identity begins as a manifestation of free will and creativity of the person of culture. The purpose (...) of the study is to clarify the essence and the meaning of the personality identity as a result of its self-determination in the educational environment. Objectives of the research: distinguishing of the lines of theoretical interpretation of the personality identity; the characteristic of identity as a form of personal being in the educational environment, which ideally integrates the inner world of a person and its external world into a single psycho-social universe on the subjective level; clarification of the fundamental aspects of the personal identity understanding, its main factors within the framework of the common structure of the educational environment; consideration of the phenomenon of identity from the point of view of the subject in the context of the problem of intersubjectivity. An analysis of recent research and publications that initiated the solution of the problem: the use of articles by the authors Bart R., Weber M., Ilenkov E., Klepko S., Kultaieva M., Oleksenko R.. Scientific novelty is contained in the identification of the high role of interaction in the educational environment on the intercultural level, which is conditioned with the general attitude towards the subject as a representative of one or another group of the educational process subjects, in the distinguishing of the content range of identity. The results of the research : the person is determined to be the center, the subject of the educational environment, whose positive changes can help to talk about the effectiveness of this environment, when it as an essential element of society becomes a self-organized and managed multifunctional open pedagogical system, within which a personality recognizes oneself as a socially developed integrity. Conclusion: identity as a result of self-determination of personality in the circumstances of the educational environment arises as a problem of finding of the meaning of life and of person oneself in the domain of sociocultural and personal values. It is the concept that gives an opportunity to analyze this environment from the point of view of the effectiveness of the growth of self-awareness and subjective activity of its participants. (shrink)

Basic tendencies of enterprises' innovative development management have been considered from the perspective of postfordist tranformations. It has been determined that mobility is a specificity of postfordist industrial management. Mobility provides dispersion of structural subdivisions all over the world, it doesn't need any governmental support and strict control. Total diversification of the kind allows to implement «high» technologies through global data revolution practically into all spheres of social life. The evolution of social relations types from feudalism up to Post-Fordism has (...) been provided and their specifics defined. Analytical studies carried out have enabled to discover formed world innovative centres and – from global economic perspective – those of half-peripheral countries with low level of innovative development. The directions of China management of innovative development, whose combined innovation level steadily increases, have been described. It has been determined that a great many of world countries is not currently being on the postfordist stage, since an industrial labour is characteristic for them which defines their type as traditional or early industrial pre-modern. We've also found that innovation development governance at the global level through the prism of postfordist transformations manifests itself in looking for niche, strict subordination to global market mechanisms, decentralization under control of transnational corporations; at the national level: in decentration of social space and thinking, marginalization of urban population, migration; at the meso level: in orientation on consumer needs, considerable mobility of production, individualization under global standardization; at the micro level: in project approach, faster time to market, cost minimization. It has been determined that technological breakthrough evokes such social concerns as total control, alienation, job and security loss. (shrink)

It is defined in the article that large amount of factors have impact on restaurant businesses' management in Ukraine. Attraction of the business is caused by close links between tourism and recreation businesses and hotel and restaurant business, resulting in a high probability of rapid payback of investments. It is determined that actual problems and tasks have to be solved for restaurant businesses development in Ukraine. Main obstacles that prevent from dynamic growth of restaurant business include military operations in the (...) country and crisis in the socio-economic sphere, reduction of the possibilities of visiting the catering facilities by the population, negative experience of cooperation between restaurant businesses and national supervisory authorities, the poor quality of raw materials, logistics, inefficient use of capital, low level of informatization of business, poor effectiveness of providing units at restaurant businesses, poor coordination work of restaurant facilities with other members of the recreation business, lack of a significant interest in new types of catering and diversification of sales channels. Elimination of these problems will significantly improve the efficiency of solution of modern problems in catering businesses, improve customer service by individualizing services and introduction of new services, improve staff qualifications and improve marketing work on promotion of goods and services on the market. Processing of scientific approaches and practical recommendations of various authors let us find out that an important area of rationalization of management process of development of restaurant business is job of marketing, supply, sales and information technology departments. Successful execution of the functions of mentioned departments of the restaurant sector is able to create popular on the market products and services, establish high quality sales and thus create the potential for increase in efficiency. (shrink)

This article questions the role of the author in the photographical image. Undoubtedly, the invention of photography has changed our attitude towards ourselves, towards the world. The impact of photography on one’s life is growing with the development of technology, mainly the photo-technology. One cannot but trust technological tools more than oneself, because any technological device nowadays is considered to be smarter, faster, and more precise than any human being. The technology plays a special role in photography, and that is (...) why the author’s position as the creator of the image is being challenged. Hence, there is also a much wider problem, the impact of technology on a person. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to show that photography as a kind of visual art is not directly a product of human creative activity. Nevertheless, as a technical product, it tends to anonymity when the question of authorship is simply decreasing. Although each image, as a human creation, has its author, in the photography the author becomes the background. We agree with Flusser that it is worthwhile to distinguish between the functionary and the photographer as candidates for the role of the author in the photographic process; but in the process of contemplating the photographs, the name of the author of the photographical image, regardless of his or her claims, is ignored, because the photography, retaining the function of objective documentation, captures any events without any interest. It is also completely dependent on technology; claiming not only for the mediation but also for the "authorship", it introduces the mode of anonymity and accidental fixation of events. The image is deprived of subjective features and the need to have an author. One can say that in any case the photographer falls into the "shadow" created by the device. The author "dies", giving the life to the photography, and dissolves in the technicality of the image. (shrink)

This article questions the role of the author in the photographical image. Undoubtedly, the invention of photography has changed our attitude towards ourselves, towards the world. The impact of photography on one’s life is growing with the development of technology, mainly the photo-technology. One cannot but trust technological tools more than oneself, because any technological device nowadays is considered to be smarter, faster, and more precise than any human being. The technology plays a special role in photography, and that is (...) why the author’s position as the creator of the image is being challenged. Hence, there is also a much wider problem, the impact of technology on a person. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to show that photography as a kind of visual art is not directly a product of human creative activity. Nevertheless, as a technical product, it tends to anonymity when the question of authorship is simply decreasing. Although each image, as a human creation, has its author, in the photography the author becomes the background. We agree with Flusser that it is worthwhile to distinguish between the functionary and the photographer as candidates for the role of the author in the photographic process; but in the process of contemplating the photographs, the name of the author of the photographical image, regardless of his or her claims, is ignored, because the photography, retaining the function of objective documentation, captures any events without any interest. It is also completely dependent on technology; claiming not only for the mediation but also for the "authorship", it introduces the mode of anonymity and accidental fixation of events. The image is deprived of subjective features and the need to have an author. One can say that in any case the photographer falls into the "shadow" created by the device. The author "dies", giving the life to the photography, and dissolves in the technicality of the image. (shrink)

This article offers an innovative perspective on the literary landscapes of the 1960s in France, Ukraine, and the USA serving as exemplars of a global literary project that views literary works as heterotopias that, while being distinct, collectively constitute a cohesive whole. Using a comparative approach, complemented with distant reading techniques, the study examines how these literary realms are interconnected, revealing shared aesthetic foundations guided by an overarching law. This law, rooted in Theodor Adorno’s concept of negativity, becomes evident in (...) in countercultural movements and consequential shifts in literary form, content, and canon. While not the primary focus of analysis, other unifying elements in this global literary panorama include dissent as defined by Jaques Rancière, and a Sartrian-infused interpretation of existentialism. The article suggests that this global phenomenon may have emerged due to the confluence of two factors: the seismic global impact of events like WWII and the evolving postmodern trajectory of the era. (shrink)

An artistic interpretation of historical facts is quite relevant in the literature and non-fiction of a post-totalitarian society. Prose works on historical themes are valuable and interesting in that they create an illusion for readers to be present in a certain period of historical time, and it is the artistic modeling of events that makes priceless facts of history completely disappear. The historical past is an inexhaustible material that word artists have been referring to for centuries, creating the best examples (...) of fiction. Prose texts of historical subjects are perceived by each next generation in a new way, historical events and phenomena are interpreted from different angles, the activities of famous figures of the past are widely covered. Non-fiction literature is a kind of literature that is on the verge of artistry and documentary. The main non-fiction genres are a diary, autobiography, biography, memoirs, confession, letters, etc. On the one hand, non-fiction literature claims to recognize the author’s subjective truth about him in her texts; on the other hand, only the reader can either, demonstrating full confidence in the author, call this text documentary, or admit the presence of poetry and aesthetics in the work and tilt the scales in the direction of artistry. The material for observation and research of the phenomenon of artistic modeling are works that allow us to trace the most common, in our opinion, models of correlation of historical and artistic consciousness in postmodern literature and non-fiction of a post-totalitarian society. (shrink)

The relevance of the chosen direction of research is determined by the need to improve the higher education system in accordance with the requirements of postmodernism. Based on the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists, the features of distance education, its advantages and disadvantages are established, which are taken into account in further scientific research. Required solutions in order to ensure high-quality distance education for music students, as well as identified topical issues: creation of an organizational model of (...) distance learning; selection of appropriate means and tools, taking into account the peculiarities of professional training of music students, as well as substantiation of the system of methodological support of distance learning in accordance with the cycle of disciplines and the purpose of the educational program. It was noted that distance education makes it possible to introduce innovative technologies into the process of professional training of musicians, to build an individual educational trajectory, taking into account the needs of students. (shrink)

Requirements for activization of innovative activity in the coal industry are defined. The reasons, which create barriers for innovation development of the coal industry, are proved. The international experience of introduction of innovations at the coal enterprises is considered. Offers of overcoming of innovation development obstacles at the state, branch and industrial levels of management are given.

The problem of national identity is extremely important especially in the modern realities of life. Particularly relevant this issue is in relation to ukrainians living abroad. The ukrainian ethnic group in Canada, ranked second in the number of ukrainians living outside the country and the first by its activity in the development of social, cultural and spiritual life. In addition to successful integration into a new society, a professional recognition and success in their careers ukrainians are constantly concerned about the (...) preservation of their own culture, language, traditions, etc. Due to the flexible legislation the canadian government and implementation of it policy of multiculturalism, ukrainians quickly managed to develop its own wide network of educational, cultural, religious and scientific institutions in the country new settlement. Active in this sense it was the third wave of ukrainian emigration, which was caused by political factors and consequences of the Second world war and contributed to the departure from the country of active, educated, politically literate citizens who actively expanded their social activities in Canada. This part of the ukrainian elite and its descendants were not only able to integrate into a new society, but also to achieve high results in many spheres of life - politics, business, science, information technology, and the like. However, the ukrainians of Canada has always cared about their national identity by teaching children the ukrainian language, giving ukrainian periodicals, shifting to english ukrainian classics, celebrating national holidays and memorable dates. Important evidence of the work of the ukrainian ethnic group in Canada to maintain their own identity is the creation of the Canadian Institute of ukrainian studies, many ukrainian churches, outstanding museums dedicated to ukrainian culture and heritage, archives and libraries. In canadian cities there are many streets that bear the names of prominent ukrainians, opened the monuments to Taras Shevchenko, Lesia Ukrainka, Ivan Franko, etc. Every year in the provinces of Alberta and Manitoba are held the festival of the ukrainian heritage, involving other ethnic groups of Canada. Therefore, by actively developing its culture, science and education, the ukrainians of Canada preserve their national identity, and transmit it to future generations. (shrink)

У статті розглядається діяльність українських профспілок у сфері регулювання колективно-договірних відносин з урахуванням досвіду профспілок радянського зразка. Показано, що діюча за радянських часів колективно-договірна практика в умовах партійного контролю й одержавлення професійних організацій не надавала останнім можливості виконувати функцію соціального захисту населення. Елементи цієї практики перейшли й до пострадянських профспілок, які до того ж ще й були позбавлені права законодавчої ініціативи. Проаналізовано зміст поняття ''колективний договір'' і показано його вагомість у закріпленні трудових відносин між працівниками та роботодавцями в Україні. Встановлено, (...) що за допомогою в тому числі й цього інструменту держава унеможливила участь профспілок у формуванні та регулюванні колективно-договірних відносин, і створила нові форми контролю над ними. (shrink)

In this article, the author explores the metaphysical foundations of evil. Research shows that as a transcendental phenomenon, evil reveals itself in two “optics”. On the one hand, evil means certain ontological aspects, which are distortions of the mode of co-existence. On the other hand, evil is a deformation of the existential nature of man. Thus, evil is a condition for the deformation of the ontological foundations of being, penetrating the world through human. In other words, the metaphysical nature of (...) evil appears as, firstly, “absence”, “void”, and, secondly, “distortion”, “imperfection”. In this regard, evil appears as ontologically and chronologically secondary to good. It exists only on the basis of good as its distortion, defect, simulacrum. The emptiness, unreality of evil opens the sphere of its existence, that is, an illusion. This explains the fact that evil receives its “reality”, materiality and form only with the help of a person who is free in his choice and able to distort the nature of good and realize illusion. Good is knowledge, it can transform a person, it is a living spiritual knowledge that opens itself to a knowing person in the process of mastering the surrounding reality, it fills him / her with content and uniqueness. In this perspective, good is a universal value system, the basis of which is love, truth, faith, labor, spiritual perfection, etc. In contrast, evil realizes itself in the denial of higher values, distortion or inappropriate use of the Truth of human existence. The study shows that the nature of evil is selfish, atomic and separating. Evil is all that contradicts the interests of the whole, that is, love, good, truth, freedom. It is all that individualizes, fragmentes, distorts, destroys the Truth of the whole. Thus, the basic principle of evil is “It’s every man for himself, everyone is his own god”. Therefore, as noted by religious philosophers, evil in human is associated primarily with the loss of his / her integrity. A person who has embarked on the path of violence and self-destruction is evil. This person is mistaken and unhappy, because he has not formed as a person. Goodness in human is internal integrity, unity, submission of his / her mind and bodily life to a higher spiritual principles. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the good nature existential foundations. Good, as a transcendental phenomenon, reveals itself in a person as a powerful mechanism of its internal development – spiritual needs. Need, unlike desire, is not just a requirement of the human body. Need is a way of relationship, that is, communication with objective reality. This life aspiration is responsible for the personality realization as an active, creative, responsible part of co-existence. Therefore, all aspects of human life (...) and communication, and productivity, and harmony, depend on the state of the needs system satisfaction. It is these existential conditions that correspond to the principles of ethical absolutism. Thus, the intersection point of ethics and human, the condition for the interaction and implementation of the principles of ethics is concentrated in the development of our soul needs. The soul seeks to go beyond the egoistic desires of the flesh. Therefore, to hear the “voice” of the soul, to respond to its call, a person can only when the desire to know the world around him conquers the desire to possess this world. In this regard, we are talking about the fact that the basis for the spiritual needs of humans is the need for love. The need to love resonates with the basic ethical principle “love of one’s neighbor”. Therefore, working on our own egoism, we realize the whole complex of spiritual needs: in knowledge, communication, freedom, creativity. So, the need to love is the highest metaphysical force in which the nature of good is concentrated, both on the ontological and existential levels. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the knowledge phenomenon as a metaphysical basis for the being order. It is the semantic content of this word that retains the meaning of “the light of truth”, “reason”, “word”. This allows a human to see the world around him, that is, makes the world “manifested, clear, understandable”. We are talking about knowledge that reflects a purely spiritual nature, which means that this knowledge is directed to the very essence of the human (...) soul. This is, in its essence, valuable knowledge that “heals”, that is, unites, makes all aspects of human nature one whole. Therefore, this knowledge requires a special perception from a person, makes us feel, go deeper into what we know. As an “ether”, that is, an information environment that is able to fill, inspire a person, transform, connect, reproduce his connections with reality, spiritual knowledge leads to the correspondence of the individual to the ontological laws of joint existence. In other words, these are the principles that underlie the integrity of human existence – its development, the formation of the space of co-existence. That is, we are talking about the metaphysical foundations of the order of the universe. In this perspective, we are talking about the fact that the basis of human existence, its correspondence and correlation, is the need for spiritual knowledge. It is the latter that are that transcendental light, which is endowed with transformative potency. Knowing what corresponds to the nature of a person’s sensibility, the needs of his soul. So, the need to discover this knowledge for oneself is cognition, and is the potential force that moves a person in her life choices, builds the meaning and perspective of her life. If we understand human and the world around him as a coexistence, then we are talking about the relationship between the inner state of the individual and the world around him, which is a living, dynamic environment. Light is an ontological order et life condition. In its metaphysical status, light is the basis of being itself, and, therefore, that which fills us with life force, which is incompatible with any manifestation of darkness, ignorance, evil. That is why the ability to see the surrounding reality without distortion, that is, objectively, holistically, is revealed only to the person who is the bearer of this light. (shrink)

El texto aborda, a manera de testimonio, el tema de la historia del Grupo de Bogotá –surgido en la Universidad Santo Tomás– y la Filosofía latinoamericana, en las décadas de 1970 y 1980, mediante el comentario de autores y textos que han hecho el análisis y la crítica del mismo grupo. Para hacerlo, se vale de las lecciones de verano de 1988, de Peter Sloterdijk, extraídas de su texto Venir al mundo venir al lenguaje, que aborda el tema del nacimiento (...) como una “poética del comenzar”. (shrink)

This is a book that opens up an area of contemporary experience that rarely sees the light of day. I believe readers from all walks of life and different educational backgrounds will be as excited to read about these experiences as my subjects were delighted to talk about them. One measure of the public's interest in relevant oral history is the current popularity of Brandon Stanton's Humans of New York, Stories, found in museums and bookstores throughout the city. And the (...) fact that the recent Nobel went to Svetlana Alexievich, a writer whose work is grounded in oral history, will expand the market for such books, and is a sign that more and more readers are interested in what ordinary people, whose voices are usually muted, have to say about crucial aspects of modern life. The book's interdisciplinary appeal will attract faculty and students in cultural studies, English, sociology, and other departments and programs interested in aesthetics. The book will have considerable crossover appeal to a wide general audience that especially includes women (most of my subjects are women) and women of color (a third of my subjects are members of a minority). The book is, in fact, eminently "Oprah-ble" because of its undoubted appeal to her vast audience. The challenge for an academic press, of course, will be to gain this audience's attention, a task to which I will be more than happy to devote substantial time and effort. (shrink)

ABSTRACTIneffability of musical meaning is a frequent theme in music philosophy. However, talk about musical meaning persists and seems to be not only inherently enjoyable and socially acceptable, but also functionally useful. Relying on a phenomenological account of musical meaning combined with a naturalist explanatory attitude, we argue for a novel explanation of how ineffability is a feature of musical meaning and experience and we show why it cannot be remedied by perfecting language or musico-philosophical study.Musical meaning is seen as (...) an experiential phenomenon that consists of layers, some recent, others archaic. As such, musical meaning is strongly characterized by asubjectivity. It is in-between, in a state where the division of subject and object is not yet valid or valid anymore. A naturalistic interplay of experiential layers in music brings about a non-reified dynamics driving for expressions, interpretations, engenderings of subjects and objects or even for political action. Generally speaking, the in-betweenness of musical meaning can never be universally reified or symbolic nor can it ever be “subjective,” “mine” or present “at the origin.”In this view, ineffability has two primary reasons. First, the criteria offered for defining musical meaning are often too strict, resulting in untenable pretensions of universality. Second, the processual and relational nature of the in-between keeps meaning in flux; any snapshot creates a new situation and new meanings. (shrink)

If we are to preserve qualia, one possibility is to take the current academic, philosophical, and theoretical notion less seriously and current natural science and some pre-theoretical intuitions about qualia more seriously. Dennett (1997) is instrumental in showing how ideas of the intrinsicalness and privacy of qualia are misguided and those of ineffability and immediacy misinterpreted. However, by combining ideas of non-mechanicalness used in contemporary natural science with the pre-theoretical idea that qualia are special because they are unique, we get (...) a notion of qualia that is acceptable to naturalistic philosophy. The notion of unique qualia is not opposed to the idea that some of the characterizations of qualia have to be qualified. It is the folk-philosophical, academic, notions of theoreticity and conceptuality that have to be modified. (shrink)

The Finnish Heidegger translations point to a problem created by the history of the language: words having to do with technology, metaphysics and so on are mostly direct loans from Indo-European languages with little connection to the rest of the vocabulary. This presents the translators with a dilemma: if one wants to retain Heidegger’s poetic and etymologising style, the Finnish tends to miss the essential contact to Greek-German-Western origins.

Slavoj Žižek has persistently traced the revolutionary potential of music by analysing the music-drama of Richard Wagner. In line with his bigger philosophical program, Žižek uses Wagner's works as a test ground for discussing the symbolic structures that facilitate emancipation. However, this analysis of symbolic structures puts Žižek in an uneasy position with regard to the explicit goals of Wagner himself, who wanted to undermine the Enlightenment subject. The decisive question between Žižek and Wagner concerns the role and nature of (...) a collective, and the function of music in building this collective. The way to that question is opened only once we discard the false dilemma of seeing music either as a symbolic structure to be analysed or as a direct expression of pure experience. Music has revolutionary potential when understood as an unbroken natural – or materialistic – continuum with regard to which the extremes are unhelpful idealisations. (shrink)

The commodification of code demands two preconditions: a belief if the existence of code and a system of ownership for the code. An examination of these preconditions is helpful for resisting the further widening of digital divides. The ontological belief in the relatively independent existence of code is dependent on our understanding of what the “digital” is. Here it is claimed that the digital is not a natural kind, but a concept that is relative to our practices of interpretation. An (...) interpretative system that sees code as something that can or should always be owned implies an increase of social control and threatens vital processes of knowledge creation that are necessary for an open and egalitarian information society. The ontological belief in “digital code” thus provides the backdrop for an ethical view of the information society. Consequently, if we see digital code as an interpretative notion (in the nominalist way), the ethical questions appear in a different light. (shrink)

One prominent interpretation of Heidegger's thought on issues that are traditionally called “ethical” is that it gives us a formal description of how to reach authenticity or how to gain a free relationship to technology without stating any positive prescriptions. However, as Hubert L. Dreyfus, has argued, there is more than pure formalism to Heidegger's thought: he points again and again to how important rootedness, Boden and Heimat, are in trying to overcome the technological understanding of being. Notoriously, Heidegger sees (...) a special role to the Greek-German linguistic axis in internally challenging the tradition of Western metaphysics. This putative special status is in an unsettling way connected to Heidegger's antidemocratic ideas and to the “closedness” of the tradition that according to him is able to challenge the technological world. We will claim here that there is a way of opening up and thus, in a sense, democratizing the role of tradition and rootedness. However, this democatization has to be done without losing sight of the importance of positive content in overcoming technology. This opening up is connected to the idea of local gods in later Heidegger as interpreted by Dreyfus; however, the democratization comes at the price of making ethics local as opposed to universal. (shrink)

Martin Heidegger and Slavoj Žižek represent the two major anti-liberal European revolutions of the twentieth century, the Nazi and the October revolutions. Both revolutions ended badly, but neither Heidegger nor Žižek retreats from the revolutionary position, simply because it is an indelible part of their philosophy, where the finitude of the world and human being necessitate a partisan truth. By reintroducing the concept of the subject, Žižek wants to present a correction that cures Heidegger’s politics. Unfortunately, the resurrection relies on (...) a sleight of hand: the subject to be reintroduced tries to be at the same time ahistorical and leftist. Žižek finds in Heidegger’s reading of Anaximander signs of ahistorical subjectivity, but this interpretation is based on a misconstrual of Heidegger’s notion of alêtheia. On the other hand, by analysing Heidegger’s two famous passages mentioning the extermination camps, we find the factual blind-spots in Heidegger’s ontological gaze. (shrink)

In a well-known way, Husserl's foundation of phenomenology as a transcendental discipline aspires to universal essences, but collapses back to a form of Euro-centrism. While Žižek's description of the phenomenology of the subject follows the Husserlian line in that the subject is a transcendental structure of experience, it is intended to be interpreted in a materialist sense: there is no Big Other. This materialist twist to the philosophy of the subject is supposed to eliminate two traditional phenomenological dead-ends: the Husserlian (...) mistake of colonialism masquerading as universalism and the post-phenomenological mistake of not being able to take an existential and political stand seriously enough. These mistakes are overcome through the notion of a materialist act that is able to reorganize the given boundaries of a situation. However, as Žižek limits his phenomenology of the act to a communicative transaction between subjects, he is quite close to the Husserlian mistake of promoting European values as universal. This can be seen in a number of conceptual knots that figure in Žižek's work. First, like Husserl, Žižek is unable to satisfactorily bridge the divide between transcendental knowledge and positive science. Second, the Žižekian analysis of the necessary political action against multiculturalist capitalism emphatically belittles the role of local and ethnic identities as revolutionary forces. Correspondingly, the belief in the revolutionary potential of the psychoanalytically and philosophically enlightened subject is over-optimistic. Third, the phenomenology of the act in an unfortunate way describes the transcendental aspect of an authentic act, thus unnecessarily mystifying the essentially mundane and subject-less nature of revolutionary acts. (shrink)

The Finnish Heidegger translations point to a problem created by the history of the language: words having to do with technology, metaphysics and so on are mostly direct loans from Indo-European languages with little connection to the rest of the vocabulary. This presents the translators with a dilemma: if one wants to retain Heidegger’s poetic and etymologising style, the Finnish tends to miss the essential contact to Greek-German-Western origins.

Modern ecological risks associated with the anthropological crisis of nature, leading to the paradoxes of the ecological state of humanity, are analyzed. It is substantiated that the unlimited use of natural resources causes a misbalance between human actions and the riches of nature. The question of the necessity of exploring the man-nature relation in the context of humanistic revolution is raised; it allows us to perceive the relation to nature as caring which includes such existential elements as agreement, tolerance, respect, (...) and care. We are discussing an alternative view of the relationship between man and nature in anthropologies of exploitation and violence. It is necessary to realize the value of nature precisely in its ontological intentionality and not because it is valuable solely in terms of utilitarianism and pragmatism. It is determined that over-technological human activity has led to catastrophic changes in large natural areas, destruction of natural water resources, and global warming, which threatens the biosphere and may lead to fundamental changes in the state of nature. The assumption is made that it is impossible to exclude the situation on the existence of the threat of catastrophe between man and nature; at that, the human search for the options of communication and preservation of nature and man, and their anthropological characteristics becomes expedient. (shrink)

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the study of the issue of introducing innovations into educational activities on the basis of foreign and domestic experience of postmodern education. The essence of the problem of introducing innovative technologies in the system of postmodern education in the countries of the world and in Ukraine is revealed. The role of the teacher's professional competence in the application of innovative techniques for organizing the educational process was emphasized. The essential features of postmodern tendencies (...) in foreign and domestic education and teaching practice are combined. In the context of professional postmodern education and to optimize innovative teaching with postmodern tendencies, pedagogical recommendations were submitted on the new conditions and requirements of innovative teaching. The goals of the article, as well as its scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance for postmodern or innovative pedagogy are determined. It is substantiated that the development of innovative technologies in the field of training future specialists is carried out on the basis of a postmodern approach to the analysis of vocational education, which was integrated by means of personality-oriented, activity-based, professional-creative and psychological-pedagogical approaches at the systemic universal level. Considered professional requirements for educators-innovators. (shrink)

The aim of the study is to analyze the terminological origins of the concept of «space», which in turn is one of the fundamental philosophical categories. Thus, the concept of space is used in everyday and scientific life, which allows us to explore its diversity. It was worth referring to the original sources of the concept, so in Hebrew we find the concept of space – אֶרֶץ (eretz / arets), which contains the meaning of “land”, “space”, “land of the people”, (...) “country”, “people”, “land for work”, “place of residence”. It turns out, with the help of linguistic sources, that the eretz has its equivalent in the Greek language in the form of χωρα (chora), which refers us to a more detailed study of this concept. So, in Greek the chora it means “country”, “area”, “city”, “village”, “people”, “field”, etc., but the interesting point is that the meaning of the word can be understood only in a specific use depending on from the context. In this case, the chora acquires interesting meanings, as a type of activity, type of work or an area of philosophy. The chora has many word forms, all of which indicate place, movement, exchange, transition, and interpenetration. One of the first to use this word in his philosophy was Plato, so he gave it a different meaning, revealing its deep meanings. The idea of ​​the Platonic chora is important for explaining the universe in ancient times. Thus, the Platonic chora is now referred to as the “nurse of all births”, “receptacle”, “abode”, “cradle”, etc. It acts as a mediator between the world of ideas and the world of copies, it accepts everything that was to be born, without changing, without distorting, it conforms to the law of the cosmos, in it everything is in its place according to its purpose. Consideration of the representatives of Neoplatonism helped to expand, clarify and supplement the conceptual apparatus of the study. The space, once deprived of spirituality (fullness), regains its vital colors. Thus, space is considered not as physical matter, geometric area or length, but as a kind of analogue of the state of interaction of a place and what this place fills. (shrink)

In this article, the object of research interest is the phenomenon of social control and the role of digital media in the process of digital surveillance. In the first part, the authors characterise the specifics of the panoptical and postpanoptical models of social control. The second part of the article explores the specifics of modern types of surveillance provided by digital media. It is shown that digital media extremely effectively modify communication systems, determine the main vectors of socio-cultural and personal (...) development, and are also one of the key elements of the digital control system. (shrink)

The activity of any socio-economic system is associated with the instability of the external environment and the presence of negative factors influencing its functioning, which, in turn, can provoke the emergence of crisis phenomena, slows down the process of development of the organization and makes it less effective. The prerequisites for this may be factors that are formed not only in the external, but also in the internal environment. This issue is of particular relevance today, in the context of the (...) existence of the consequences of the pandemic in the world. Many years of experience in the activity of socio-economic systems in a market environment shows that this problem remains relevant to them even now in today's postmodern world. Successful overcoming of crisis situations depends on the effectiveness of anti-crisis management and management of anti-crisis potential, the type of crisis. After all, each crisis situation, which is formed under the influence of specific factors, has a clear characteristic and belongs to a certain category. With this information, you can form a clear plan of management actions to effectively overcome the crisis in socio-economic systems. But in order to determine what types of crises affect the activities of socio-economic systems, it is first of all necessary to determine the types of crises in socio-economic systems. The article analyzes the main features of the functioning of today's socio-economic system and the impact of such post-pandemic consequences on it. (shrink)